Retinal is the essential form of retinoid for storage and transport in the adult of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

Irie, Toshiaki; Kajiwara, Shogo; Kojima, Naosuke; Senoo, Haruki; Seki, Takaharu

doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.07.014

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…26 The extract was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography, and the amount of retinol and retinyl ester was measured. 27 The retinoids were identified on the basis of the retention time, and the spectra of the peaks were monitored with a diode-array detector (L-2450; Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The ratio of absorbances at 330 and 350 nm were compared with those of retinoid standards.…”

Section: Quantification Of Retinoids In Arpe-19 Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-trans-Retinol Generated by Rhodopsin Photobleaching Induces Rapid Recruitment of TIP47 to Lipid Droplets in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Tsuiki

Fujita

Ohsaki

et al. 2007

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Section: Quantification Of Retinoids In Arpe-19 Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-trans-Retinol Generated by Rhodopsin Photobleaching Induces Rapid Recruitment of TIP47 to Lipid Droplets in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Tsuiki

Fujita

Ohsaki

et al. 2007

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…The retinal in fish oocytes and eggs consists of several isomers, whereas the all-trans form is the most abundant in zebrafish embryos (15,44). The use of the all-trans isomer of retinal for major retinoid storage is unique to reptiles, anamniotic vertebrates (teleosts and amphibians), and eggs of ascidian (33,34). This is in contrast to higher vertebrates (birds and mammals), where retinol is the predominant retinoid used by embryos, and all-trans retinal is an intermediate stage in metabolizing retinol to retinoic acid (RA) (56,76,79).…”

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confidence: 99%

Insight into molecular pathways of retinal metabolism, associated with vitellogenesis in zebrafish

Levi

Ziv

Admon

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Levi L, Ziv T, Admon A, Levavi-Sivan B, Lubzens E. Insight into molecular pathways of retinal metabolism, associated with vitellogenesis in zebrafish. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302: E626 -E644, 2012. First published December 28, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00310.2011Retinal is the main retinoid stored in oviparous eggs of fish, amphibians, and reptiles, reaching the oocytes in association with vitellogenins, the yolk precursor proteins. During early presegmentation stages of zebrafish embryos, retinal is metabolized to retinoic acid (RA), which regulates genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue function and is therefore essential for normal embryonic development. While synthesis of vitellogenin and its regulation by 17␤-estradiol (E2) were extensively investigated, pathways for retinal synthesis remain obscure. We determined the expression pattern of 46 candidate genes, aiming at identifying enzymes associated with retinal synthesis, ascertaining whether they were regulated by E2, and finding pathways that could fulfill the demand for retinoids during vitellogenesis. Genes associated with retinal synthesis were upregulated in liver (rdh10, rdh13, sdr) and surprisingly also in intestine (rdh13) and ovary (rdh1, sdr), concomitantly with higher gene expression and synthesis of vitellogenins in liver but also in extrahepatic tissues, shown here for the first time. Vitellogenin synthesis in the ovary was regulated by E 2. Gene expression studies suggest that elevated retinal synthesis in liver, intestine, and ovary also depends on cleavage of carotenoids (by Bcdo2 or Bmco1), but in the ovary it may also be contingent on higher uptake of retinol from the circulatory system (via Stra6) and retinol synthesis from retinyl esters (by Lpl). Decrease in oxidation (by Raldh2 or Raldh3) of retinal to RA and/or degradation of RA (by Cyp26a1) may also facilitate higher hepatic retinal levels. Together, these processes enable meeting the putative demands of retinal for binding to vitellogenins. Bioinformatic tools reveal multiple hormone response elements in the studied genes, suggesting complex and intricate regulation of these processes. extrahepatic vitellogenin synthesis; regulatory response elements; retinoids; carotenoids RETINAL IS THE PREDOMINANT RETINOID in eggs and oocytes of marine fish and some freshwater fish species and may constitute almost the entire pool of retinoids in these eggs. In oviparous eggs of nonmammalian vertebrates such as teleosts, amphibians, and birds, maternally derived retinal is bound via a Schiff-base linkage to vitellogenins (Vtgs) (15, 32, 62, 63, 64, 72 reviewed in 50). The retinal in fish oocytes and eggs consists of several isomers, whereas the all-trans form is the most abundant in zebrafish embryos (15,44). The use of the all-trans isomer of retinal for major retinoid storage is unique to reptiles, anamniotic vertebrates (teleosts and amphibians), and eggs of ascidian (33,34). This is in contrast to higher vertebrates (birds and mammals), where retinol is the...

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“…In invertebrate chordates, the presence of ROL, RAL and diverse RA isomers has been reported [8], [10], [27], [28], [29]. In protostomes, only RAL and RA isomers have been detected in a few species, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinol Metabolism in the Mollusk Osilinus lineatus Indicates an Ancient Origin for Retinyl Ester Storage Capacity

et al. 2012

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Although retinoids have been reported to be present and active in vertebrates and invertebrates, the presence of mechanisms for retinoid storage in the form of retinyl esters, a key feature to maintain whole-organism retinoid homeostasis, have been considered to date a vertebrate innovation. Here we demonstrate for the first time the presence of retinol and retinyl esters in an invertebrate lophotrochozoan species, the gastropod mollusk Osilinus lineatus. Furthermore, through a pharmacological approach consisting of intramuscular injections of different retinoid precursors, we also demonstrate that the retinol esterification pathway is active in vivo in this species. Interestingly, retinol and retinyl esters were only detected in males, suggesting a gender-specific role for these compounds in the testis. Females, although lacking detectable levels of retinol or retinyl esters, also have the biochemical capacity to esterify retinol, but at a lower rate than males. The occurrence of retinyl ester storage capacity, together with the presence in males and females of active retinoids, i.e., retinoic acid isomers, indicates that O. lineatus has a well developed retinoid system. Hence, the present data strongly suggest that the capacity to maintain retinoid homeostasis has arisen earlier in Bilateria evolution than previously thought.

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Retinal is the essential form of retinoid for storage and transport in the adult of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

Cited by 20 publications

References 62 publications

All-trans-Retinol Generated by Rhodopsin Photobleaching Induces Rapid Recruitment of TIP47 to Lipid Droplets in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

All-trans-Retinol Generated by Rhodopsin Photobleaching Induces Rapid Recruitment of TIP47 to Lipid Droplets in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Insight into molecular pathways of retinal metabolism, associated with vitellogenesis in zebrafish

Retinol Metabolism in the Mollusk Osilinus lineatus Indicates an Ancient Origin for Retinyl Ester Storage Capacity

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