Retinal ganglion cell population in adult albino and pigmented mice: A computerized analysis of the entire population and its spatial distribution

Salinas‐Navarro, Manuel; Jiménez-López, Manuel; Valiente‐Soriano, Francisco J.; Alarcón-Martínez, Luis; Avilés‐Trigueros, Marcelino; Mayor, Sergio; Holmes, Toby; Lund, Raymond D.; Villegas–Pérez, M.P.; Vidal‐Sanz, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.01.010

Cited by 142 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Increasing the number of neurons in the simulations increased the precision of the map. However, with around 50,000 RGCs (Jeon et al, 1998;Salinas-Navarro et al, 2009), and 12-22 subtypes (Sun et al, 2002;Kong et al, 2005;V€ olgyi et al, 2009;S€ umb€ ul et al, 2014), there might be around 2,300-4,200 of each RGC type, each potentially with their own map, which would be comparable to the 2,000 RGCs simulated here.…”

Section: Wild Typesupporting

confidence: 62%

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Untitled

2015

Developmental Neurobiology

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Molecular and activity-based cues acting together are thought to guide retinal axons to their terminal sites in vertebrate optic tectum or superior colliculus (SC) to form an ordered map of connections. The details of mechanisms involved, and the degree to which they might interact, are still not well understood. We have developed a framework within which existing computational models can be assessed in an unbiased and quantitative manner against a set of experimental data curated from the mouse retinocollicular system. Our framework facilitates comparison between models, testing new models against known phenotypes and simulating new phenotypes in existing models. We have used this framework to assess four representative models that combine Eph/ephrin gradients and/or activity-based mechanisms and competition. Two of the models were updated from their original form to fit into our framework. The models were tested against five different phenotypes: wild type, Isl2-EphA3 . The models needed a weak anteroposterior gradient in the SC to reproduce the residual order in the ephrin-A2,A3,A5 TKO phenotype, suggesting either an incomplete knock-out or the presence of another guidance molecule. Our article demonstrates the importance of testing retinotopic models against as full a range of phenotypes as possible, and we have made available MATLAB software, we wrote to facilitate this process.

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Section: Wild Typesupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In mouse, there are around 50,000 RGCs (Jeon et al, 1998;Salinas-Navarro et al, 2009), and an unknown number of SC neurons. Here, networks containing 2,000 retinal neurons (N R ) and 2,000 SC neurons (N SC ), were simulated.…”

Section: Pipeline Phase 1-initializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2015

Developmental Neurobiology

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“…This method has been reported to label more than 96% of RGCs. 36,37 Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) conjugated to a fluorophore has also been used as a retrograde tracer applied to the superior colliculus of rodents to reliably and specifically label RGCs. 38,39 Major limitations of retrograde tracers are that they do not persist in RGCs for extended periods of time.…”

Section: Retrograde Tracer Labellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing retinal ganglion cell damage

Smith

Vianna

Chauhan

2017

Eye

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Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss is the hallmark of optic neuropathies, including glaucoma, where damage to RGC axons occurs at the level of the optic nerve head. In experimental glaucoma, damage is assessed at the axon level (in the retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head) or at the soma level (in the retina). In clinical glaucoma where measurements are generally limited to non-invasive techniques, structural measurements of the retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head, or functional measurements with perimetry provide surrogate estimates of RGC integrity. These surrogate measurements, while clinically useful, are several levels removed from estimating actual RGC loss. Advances in imaging, labelling techniques, and transgenic medicine are making enormous strides in experimental glaucoma, providing knowledge on the pathophysiology of glaucoma, its progression and testing new therapeutic avenues. Advances are also being made in functional imaging of RGCs. Future efforts will now be directed towards translating these advances to clinical care.

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“…Quantification of RGCs can be done by sampling and manual counting, or by automated routines. Automated quantification is an objective routine that allows counting the whole population of a given cell (Soto et al, 2008;Nadal-Nicolas et al, 2009;Salinas-Navarro et al, 2009b, 2009cOrtin-Martinez et al, 2010) while avoiding the tiresome and time consuming Fig. 2.…”

Section: Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss After Ionc 321 Rgc Identificatimentioning

confidence: 99%