Retinal ganglion cell endowment is correlated with optic tract fiber cross section, not density

Taskin, Huseyin O; Qiao, Yuchuan; Sydnor, Valerie J.; Cieslak, Matthew; Haggerty, Edda B; Satterthwaite, Theodore D.; Morgan, Jessica Ijams Wolfing; Shi, Yonggang; Aguirre, Geoffrey K.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119495

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An intriguing possibility is that these structures co-vary, such that an individual with high cone density will also tend to have a large optic tract, LGN, and V1. Some older, post-mortem work 57 , as well as recent in vivo measurements 56,58,59 suggest that this might be the case.…”

Section: The Overall Surface Area Of V1 V2 and V3 Is Stable Between C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing retinotopic maps of children and adults reveals a late-stage change in how V1 samples the visual field

et al. 2023

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Adult visual performance differs with angular location –it is better for stimuli along the horizontal than vertical, and lower than upper vertical meridian of the visual field. These perceptual asymmetries are paralleled by asymmetries in cortical surface area in primary visual cortex (V1). Children, unlike adults, have similar visual performance at the lower and upper vertical meridian. Do children have similar V1 surface area representing the upper and lower vertical meridian? Using MRI, we measure the surface area of retinotopic maps (V1-V3) in children and adults. Many features of the maps are similar between groups, including greater V1 surface area for the horizontal than vertical meridian. However, unlike adults, children have a similar amount of V1 surface area representing the lower and upper vertical meridian. These data reveal a late-stage change in V1 organization that may relate to the emergence of the visual performance asymmetry along the vertical meridian by adulthood.

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Section: The Overall Surface Area Of V1 V2 and V3 Is Stable Between C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing retinotopic maps of children and adults reveals a late-stage change in how V1 samples the visual field

et al. 2023

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“…An additional possibility is that changes in synaptic formation as suggested by several genetic associations between ASD and growth-cone-related genes such as CRMP1 and CRMP2 [101]. Recent work using FDC in other model systems, such as the optic nerve, has suggested that fiber cross-section may be a key component of information transfer and downstream neuronal development [102]. Validation studies in animal models or via further histopathological study are required to further investigate the cellular basis of these observed effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conduction Velocity, G-ratio, and Extracellular Water as Microstructural Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Newman

Jacokes

Venkadesh

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The neuronal differences contributing to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are still not well defined. Previous studies have suggested that myelin and axons are disrupted during development in ASD. By combining structural and diffusion MRI techniques, myelin and axons can be assessed using extracellular water, aggregate g-ratio, and a novel metric termed aggregate conduction velocity, which is related to the capacity of the axon to carry information. In this study, several innovative cellular microstructural methods, as measured from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are combined to characterize differences between ASD and typically developing adolescent participants in a large cohort. We first examine the relationship between each metric, including microstructural measurements of axonal and intracellular diffusion and the T1/T2 ratio. We then demonstrate the sensitivity of these metrics by characterizing differences between ASD and neurotypical participants, finding widespread increases in extracellular water in the cortex and decreases in aggregate g-ratio and aggregate conduction velocity throughout the cortex, subcortex, and white matter skeleton. This study is the first to reveal that ASD involves differences of myelin and axonal development with implications for neuronal function. We also introduce a novel neuroimaging metric, aggregate conduction velocity, that is highly sensitive to these changes. We conclude that ASD may be characterized by otherwise intact structural connectivity but that functional connectivity may be attenuated by network properties affecting neural transmission speed. This effect may explain the putative reliance on local connectivity in contrast to more distal connectivity observed in ASD.

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“…An intriguing possibility is that these structures co-vary, such that an individual with high cone density will also tend to have a large optic tract, LGN, and V1. Some older, post-mortem work 56 , as well as recent in vivo measurements 55,57,58 suggest that this might be the case.…”

Section: The Overall Surface Area Of V1 V2 and V3 Is Stable Between C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing retinotopic maps of children and adults reveals a late-stage change in how V1 samples the visual field

Himmelberg

Tuncok

Gomez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Adult visual ability differs markedly with stimulus polar angle: relative to the point of fixation, visual performance is best for stimuli to the left or right, intermediate for stimuli below, and poorest for stimuli above. These polar angle asymmetries in performance are paralleled by cortical asymmetries in the visual field representation in primary visual cortex (V1). Whereas children, like adults, show better performance for stimuli along the horizontal than the vertical meridian, they show no performance difference for stimuli above vs below fixation. Is the difference in visual performance between children and adults matched by a difference in the amount of V1 surface area representing these regions? We used fMRI to measure the distribution of the cortical surface representing the visual field in children and adults. Two properties of the V1, V2, and V3 maps were mature in children -overall map surface area and variation in surface area as a function of eccentricity. Further, like adults, children had much greater V1 surface area representing the horizontal than vertical meridian. However, unlike adults, children did not have greater V1 surface area for the lower than upper vertical meridian. These data indicate a late-stage change in the architecture of V1 that may drive the emergence of a visual performance asymmetry along the vertical meridian by adulthood.

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Retinal ganglion cell endowment is correlated with optic tract fiber cross section, not density

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Comparing retinotopic maps of children and adults reveals a late-stage change in how V1 samples the visual field

Comparing retinotopic maps of children and adults reveals a late-stage change in how V1 samples the visual field

Conduction Velocity, G-ratio, and Extracellular Water as Microstructural Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Comparing retinotopic maps of children and adults reveals a late-stage change in how V1 samples the visual field

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