Retinal development in the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata

Abstract

The retinal development of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata has been analysed from late embryonic development to juvenile stages using classical histological and immunohistological methods. Five significant phases were established. Phases 1 and 2 comprise the late embryonic and hatching stages, respectively. The results indicate that during these early stages the retina is composed of a single neuroblastic layer that consists of undifferentiated retinal progenitor cells. Phase 3 (late prolarval stage) is characterized by the emergence of the retinal layers and the appearance of neurochemical profiles in differentiating photoreceptors, amacrine and ganglion cells. Phases 4 and 5 comprise the late larval and juvenile stages. In these stages, all the retinal cell types can be detected immunohistochemically. All the maturational events described are first detected in the central retina and, as development progresses, spread to the rest of the retina following a central-to-peripheral gradient. The results of this study suggest that S. aurata is an altricial teleost species that hatches with a morphologically undifferentiated retina. The most relevant processes involved in retinogenesis occur during the late prolarval stage (phase 3).

Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity in the developing avian retina

“…55,[59][60][61][62] It has been demonstrated that the telomere dysfunction-induced senescence that occurs in the cells of mitotic tissues may limit the replicative potential of fibroblasts in the skin of monkeys, which would F I G U R E 6 SA-β-GAL activity, cell differentiation, and cell death in the HH36 G. gallus central retina. In more temporal/nasal regions, no vitreal staining was observed.…”

“…The scleral labeling, which appeared as a continuous band located in the apical region of the neuroepithelial cells, coincided topographically with the mitotic activity that occurs in the differentiating vertebrate retina. 55,[59][60][61][62] It has been demonstrated that the telomere dysfunction-induced senescence that occurs in the cells of mitotic tissues may limit the replicative potential of fibroblasts in the skin of monkeys, which would F I G U R E 6 SA-β-GAL activity, cell differentiation, and cell death in the HH36 G. gallus central retina. Cryosections were doubly stained with SAβ-GAL histochemistry and antibodies against p21 (A-C), TUJ1 (D-F), and TUNEL histochemistry (I).…”

Müller glia and phagocytosis of cell debris in retinal tissue

“…Due to the plasticity of M€ uller cells, they can be characterized by glial markers, cell cycle markers and stem cell markers (Roesch et al 2008). Among them, the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) has long been considered a good molecular marker for M€ uller glia in the developing and mature retinal tissue (Peterson et al 2001;Bejarano-Escobar et al 2009, 2012aPav on-Muñoz et al 2016). These cells also express selected classes of intermediate filament proteins, such as vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nestin (Raymond et al 2006;S anchez-Far ıas & Candal, 2016).…”

“…, , ; Pavón‐Muñoz et al. ). These cells also express selected classes of intermediate filament proteins, such as vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nestin (Raymond et al.…”

“…, ; Pavón‐Muñoz et al. ). By using antibodies against GS, HNK‐1 epitope and carbonic anhydrases, Peterson et al.…”