Retinal Detachment in Adult Dogs Resulting From Oxygen Toxicity

Beehler, Cecil C.; Newton, Norris L.; Culver, James F.; Tredici, Thomas J.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1964.00970010681013

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, the retina is also prone to injury by increased oxygen tension under hyperbaric condition or by increased oxygen concentration under normobaric condition. Visual cell death can occur during prolonged exposure to increased oxygen concentration [Noell, 1958;Beehler, 1964;Penn and Thum, 1989;Nichols and Lambertsen, 1969]. Hochheimer et al [1987] demon-strated that intravenous administration of 1 ml of 25% sodium¯uorescein (a higher dose than that used by Kues) in rabbits could reduce the amount of blue light needed to induce a phototoxic retinal lesion by almost a log unit (1.6±0.2 W/cm 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the Rhesus monkey

Mathur

Stuck

et al. 2000

Bioelectromagnetics

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We studied the retinal effects of 1.25 GHz high peak power microwaves in Rhesus monkeys. Preexposure fundus photographs, retinal angiograms, and electroretinograms (ERG) were obtained to screen for normal ocular structure and function and, after exposure, as endpoints of the study. Histopathology of the retina was an additional endpoint. Seventeen monkeys were randomly assigned to receive sham exposure or pulsed microwave exposures. Microwaves were delivered anteriorly to the face at 0, 4.3, 8.4, or 20.2 W/kg spatially and temporally averaged retinal specific absorption rates (R-SAR). The pulse characteristics were 1.04 MW ( approximately 1.30 MW/kg temporal peak R-SAR), 5.59 micros pulse length at 0, 0.59, 1. 18, and 2.79 Hz pulse repetition rates. Exposure was 4 h per day and 3 days per week for 3 weeks, for a total of nine exposures. The preexposure and postexposure fundus pictures and angiograms were all within normal limits. The response of cone photoreceptors to light flash was enhanced in monkeys exposed at 8.4 or 20.2 W/kg R-SAR, but not in monkeys exposed at 4.3 W/kg R-SAR. Scotopic (rod) response, maximum (combined cone and rod) response, and Naka-Rushton R(max) and log K of scotopic b-waves were all within normal range. Retinal histopathology revealed the presence of enhanced glycogen storage in photoreceptors among sham (2/5), 8.4 W/kg (3/3), and 20.2 W/kg (2/5) exposed monkeys, while enhanced glycogen storage was not observed in the 4.3 W/kg (0/4) exposed group. Supranormal cone photoreceptor b-wave was R-SAR dependent and may be an early indicator of mild injury. However no evidence of degenerative changes and ERG depression was seen. We concluded that retinal injury is very unlikely at 4 W/kg. Functional changes that occur at higher R-SAR are probably reversible since we saw no evidence of histopathologic correlation with ERG changes. Bioelectromagnetics 21:439-454, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the Rhesus monkey

Mathur

Stuck

et al. 2000

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…In animals it is possible to use 100% O 2 for long periods, but oxygen toxicity to the lungs limits this in humans. There may also be retinal toxicity with 100% administration for 18 or more hours per day (Beehler et al, 1964), but the duration that leads to retinal toxicity is not currently known. It would only be relevant if retinal toxicity occurs at shorter durations than lung toxicity.…”

Section: Oxygen In Retinal Artery Occlusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal oxygen: from animals to humans

Linsenmeier

Zhang

2017

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

183

150

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This article discusses retinal oxygenation and retinal metabolism by focusing on measurements made with two of the principal methods used to study O2 in the retina: measurements of PO2 with oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes in vivo in animals with a retinal circulation similar to that of humans, and oximetry, which can be used non-invasively in both animals and humans to measure O2 concentration in retinal vessels. Microelectrodes uniquely have high spatial resolution, allowing the mapping of PO2 in detail, and when combined with mathematical models of diffusion and consumption, they provide information about retinal metabolism. Mathematical models, grounded in experiments, can also be used to simulate situations that are not amenable to experimental study. New methods of oximetry, particularly photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy and visible light optical coherence tomography, provide depth-resolved methods that can separate signals from blood vessels and surrounding tissues, and can be combined with blood flow measures to determine metabolic rate. We discuss the effects on retinal oxygenation of illumination, hypoxia and hyperoxia, and describe retinal oxygenation in diabetes, retinal detachment, arterial occlusion, and macular degeneration. We explain how the metabolic measurements obtained from microelectrodes and imaging are different, and how they need to be brought together in the future. Finally, we argue for revisiting the clinical use of hyperoxia in ophthalmology, particularly in retinal arterial occlusions and retinal detachment, based on animal research and diffusion theory.

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“…Beehler, Newton, Culver, and Tredici (1964) showed that prolonged exposure to high oxygen concentrations at normal atmospheric pressure can cause severe ocular damage in the adult dog. The lesions, which appeared as early as 48 hours after exposure, included retinal detachment, retinal haemorrhage, hypotony, and iritis.…”

Section: B Effect Of Oxygen On the Mature Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Marc Amsler, 1891-1968.

Duke-Elder¹

1968

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Retinal Detachment in Adult Dogs Resulting From Oxygen Toxicity

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the Rhesus monkey

Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the Rhesus monkey

Retinal oxygen: from animals to humans

Marc Amsler, 1891-1968.

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