Retinal changes in bipolar disorder as an endophenotype candidate: Comparison of OCT-detected retinal changes in patients, siblings, and healthy controls

Ayık, Batuhan; Kaya, Hatice; Taşdelen, Rümeysa; Sevimli, Neslihan

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114606

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…In recent years, numerous studies have focused on identifying the disease's internal phenotype from multiple perspectives in order to investigate the pathogenesis and early detection characteristics of BD. Ayik et al., 2022 According to previous research, an endophenotype must meet certain criteria, including association with disease in the population, state independence, familial association, and co‐segregation within families (Hellhammer et al., 2018; Iacono, 2018). We could deduce from our findings that ISP, VL, WM in cognitive function, and motor coordination in NSS correspond to these endophenotype characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can neurological soft signs and neurocognitive deficits serve as a combined endophenotype for Han Chinese with bipolar disorder?

Feng¹,

Song²,

Lin³

et al. 2023

Int J Methods Psych Res

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BackgroundBipolar disorder's (BD) potential endophenotypes include neurological soft signs (NSS) and neurocognitive disorders (ND). Few research, meanwhile, has coupled NSS and ND as combined endophenotypes of BD.ObjectThis study intends to investigate NSS and ND and compare their differences in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (EBP), their unaffected first‐degree relatives (FDR), and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, search for potential endophenotypic subprojects of NSS and ND and construct and verify a composite endophenotypic.MethodsThe subjects were all Han Chinese and consisted of 86 EBP, 81 FDR, and 81HC. Cambridge Neurological Inventory and MATRICSTM Consensus Cognitive Battery tested NSS and ND independently.ResultsAll three groups displayed a trapezoidal distribution of NSS levels and cognitive abnormalities, with EBP having the most severe NSS levels and cognitive deficits, followed by FDR and HC. Among them, motor coordination in NSS and Information processing speed (IPS), Verbal learning (VL), and Working memory (WM) in neurocognitive function are consistent with the traits of the endophenotype of BD. The accuracy in differentiating EBP and HC or FDRs and HC was higher when these items were combined as predictor factors than in differentiating EBP and FDR.ConclusionThese results provide more evidence that motor coordination, IPS, VL, and WM may be internal characteristics of bipolar disease. When these characteristics are combined into a complex endophenotype, it may be possible to distinguish BD patients and high‐risk groups from normal populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can neurological soft signs and neurocognitive deficits serve as a combined endophenotype for Han Chinese with bipolar disorder?

Feng¹,

Song²,

Lin³

et al. 2023

Int J Methods Psych Res

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Retina as a potential biomarker in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography and electroretinography

Komatsu,

Onoguchi,

Silverstein

et al. 2023

Mol Psychiatry

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Introduction Abnormal findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG) have been reported in participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). This study aims to reveal the pooled standard mean difference (SMD) in retinal parameters on OCT and ERG among participants with SSDs and healthy controls and their association with demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Methods Using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PSYNDEX, we searched the literature from inception to March 31, 2023, using specific search terms. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD4202235795) and conducted according to PRISMA 2020. Results We included 65 studies in the systematic review and 44 in the meta-analysis. Participants with SSDs showed thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer- inner plexiform cell layer, and retinal thickness in all other segments of the macula. A meta-analysis of studies that excluded SSD participants with diabetes and hypertension showed no change in results, except for pRNFL inferior and nasal thickness. Furthermore, a significant difference was found in the pooled SMD of pRNFL temporal thickness between the left and right eyes. Meta-regression analysis revealed an association between retinal thinning and duration of illness, positive and negative symptoms. In OCT angiography, no differences were found in the foveal avascular zone and superficial layer foveal vessel density between SSD participants and controls. In flash ERG, the meta-analysis showed reduced amplitude of both a- and b-waves under photopic and scotopic conditions in SSD participants. Furthermore, the latency of photopic a-wave was significantly shorter in SSD participants in comparison with HCs. Discussion Considering the prior report of retinal thinning in unaffected first-degree relatives and the results of the meta-analysis, the findings suggest that retinal changes in SSDs have both trait and state aspects. Future longitudinal multimodal retinal imaging studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of these changes and to clarify their utility in individual patient monitoring efforts.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

Prasannakumar

Kumar

Mailankody

et al. 2023

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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Objectives: Due to the common neurodevelopmental origin and easy accessibility, the retina serves as a surrogate marker for changes in the brain. Hence, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a tool to examine the neuronal layers of retina has gained importance in investigating psychiatric disorders. Several studies in the last decade have reported retinal structural alterations in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the findings are inconsistent. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate alterations in OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD. Methods: We searched electronic databases for studies that examined OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD published up to January 2023. The primary outcome measures were thickness and volumes of the retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL). We conducted meta-analysis using a random effects model. Results: The searches yielded 2638 publications of which 43 studies were included in the final analysis across all disorders. Compared to controls, the RNFL was thinner in SCZ patients (SMD ¼ À0.37, p ¼ <0.001) and BD patients (SMD ¼ À0.67, p ¼ < 0.001), but not in MDD patients (SMD ¼ À0.08, p ¼ 0.54). On quadrant wise analysis, temporal quadrant RNFL was thinner in SCZ but not in BD, while all other quadrants were thinner in both SCZ and BD. Conclusion: We found significant reductions in RNFL thickness in SCZ and BD, but not in MDD. The differential involvement in various quadrants and parameters across the disorders has potential implications for using retinal parameters as a diagnostic biomarker.

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Retinal changes in bipolar disorder as an endophenotype candidate: Comparison of OCT-detected retinal changes in patients, siblings, and healthy controls

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Can neurological soft signs and neurocognitive deficits serve as a combined endophenotype for Han Chinese with bipolar disorder?

Can neurological soft signs and neurocognitive deficits serve as a combined endophenotype for Han Chinese with bipolar disorder?

Retina as a potential biomarker in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography and electroretinography

A systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

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