Retinal and choroidal manifestations of COVID-19

Zhang, Youning; Stewart, Jay M.

doi:10.1097/icu.0000000000000801

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A recent review confirmed that the majority of the retinal findings in COVID-19 patients were cotton wool spots, flame-shaped intraretinal hemorrhages, PAMM, AMN, or retinal vein occlusions. Rarely, inflammation involving the retina or the choroid, or reactivation of previously quiescent uveitis, may also be seen [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Increase the Incidence of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy?

Azar

Bonnin

Vasseur

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is an increasingly diagnosed disorder associated with several diseases. The aim of this study was to report the incidence of AMN cases diagnosed during the 2020 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic year in a French hospital, and to describe their different forms. Methods: All patients diagnosed between 2019 and 2020, in Paris Rothschild Foundation Hospital, with AMN, paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) were retrospectively collected using the software Ophtalmoquery® (Corilus, V1.86.0018, 9050 Gand, Belgium). Systemic and ophthalmological data from AMN patients were analyzed. Results: Eleven patients were diagnosed with AMN in 2020 vs. only one patient reported in 2019. The incidence of AMN significantly increased from 0.66/100,000 visits in 2019 to 8.97/100,000 visits in 2020 (p = 0.001), whereas the incidence of PAMM and MEWDS remained unchanged. Four (36%) of these AMN patients were tested for COVID-19 and received positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Conclusions: The incidence of AMN cases increased significantly in our institution in 2020, which was the year of the COVID-19 pandemic. All AMN-tested patients received a positive COVID PCR test, suggesting a possible causative link. According to the different clinical presentations, AMN may reflect different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenic mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Increase the Incidence of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy?

Azar

Bonnin

Vasseur

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Chorioretinitis is a common finding in systemic or local infectious and inflammatory conditions and is also reported to be caused by SARS-CoV-2. The inflammatory effect of COVID-19 is supposed as the mechanism of its influence on this highly vascularized tissue, choroid, resulting in chorioretinal inflammation ( 52 ). There are very few case reports in this regard, reporting reactivation of serpiginous choroiditis 2 weeks after COVID-19 ( 53 ), chorioretinal disease ( 54 ), and bilateral ampiginous choroiditis 1 week after SAR-CoV-2 infection ( 55 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on overview of ocular manifestations of COVID-19

Akbari

Dourandeesh²

2022

Front. Med.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the most critical health crisis at present, and research is continued about the exact pathophysiology, presentations, and complications of this pandemic. It influences several organs, and many studies have addressed the organs, the involvement of which during the COVID-19 results in patients' death. One of the important organs that can be involved during COVID-19, which is also a transmission route of the disease, is the eye. According to the evidence, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can have ocular manifestations and complications. According to the literature, conjunctivitis is the most common presentation, which can develop at any stage of COVID-19 (during and even after the disease), and the major pathophysiology of the eye involvement during the disease is attributed to the direct effect of the virus on the eyes, tissue damage caused by inflammation, underlying diseases, and the adverse effect of the medications prescribed. There are also reports of life-threatening complications, such as rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis, which require urgent treatment and are associated with a great mortality rate. Ocular manifestations may also be the presentation of a life-threatening event, such as stroke; therefore, it is necessary to pay great attention to the ocular manifestations during COVID-19. In this review, after about 2 years of the pandemic started, we present a narrative review on ocular manifestations during COVID-19, categorized into three main categories; ophthalmic, orbital, and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations with a detailed description of the presenting symptoms, risk factor, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies suggested for each.

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“…So, in principle, choroidal and retinal vessels could be affected by COVID‐19. In fact, recent studies reported microvascular and macrovascular retinal and choroidal changes in cases with COVID‐19 3,7–8 . Although such involvements for choroidal vessels are not clinically supported so far, subclinical injuries from cytokine storm to these vessels are quite possible and might be a risk factor for SCH in patients undergoing intraocular surgery during the recovery phase of COVID‐19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, recent studies reported microvascular and macrovascular retinal and choroidal changes in cases with COVID‐19. 3 , 7 , 8 Although such involvements for choroidal vessels are not clinically supported so far, subclinical injuries from cytokine storm to these vessels are quite possible and might be a risk factor for SCH in patients undergoing intraocular surgery during the recovery phase of COVID‐19. This assumption is partly supported by the lack of known systemic or ocular risk factors of SCH in our patients and also their recent evident infection with COVID‐19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%