Reticulated Platelets—Which Functions Have Been Established by In Vivo and In Vitro Data?

Hamad, Muataz Ali; Schanze, Nancy; Schommer, Nicolas; Nührenberg, Thomas; Duerschmied, Daniel

doi:10.3390/cells10051172

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…ITP patients are reported to be at an increased risk of both venous and arterial thrombotic complications, contrary to the assumption that they are unlikely to be complicated with thrombosis (27). The IPF% is measured automatically with automated hematology analyzers and reflects the percentage of young, reticulated platelets, which are more active than older ones (20,28,29). It is elevated in patients with ITP, reflecting the increased destruction of platelets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is elevated in patients with ITP, reflecting the increased destruction of platelets. We suspected that patients diagnosed with WAIHA might be complicated with compensated ITP and have more active circulating platelets, so the IPF% value was studied (28)(29)(30). One patient diagnosed with WAIHA whose platelet count was 131×10 9 /L had an elevated IPF%, suggesting that this patient had Evans syndrome with compensated thrombocytopenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrequent Thrombotic Complications in Japanese Patients with Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

et al. 2023

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Objective Patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are considered to be at an increased risk of thrombosis, and prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) is often recommended. However, the occurrence of thrombosis in Asian patients has not been specifically studied. Thrombotic complications and features of Japanese warm AIHA (WAIHA) patients were studied to see if Japanese patients were at an increased risk of thrombosis and should receive prophylaxis for VTE. Patients and Methods Forty-seven consecutive patients with warm WAIHA were retrospectively studied. Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed as primary cases and 18 as secondary cases, and 10 patients were diagnosed with Evans syndrome. ResultsNo patient presented with thrombosis, and over a median observation period of 15 months, 3 patients had ischemic cerebral vascular accidents. However, all three of those patients had other known risks for thrombosis, with only one taking thrombotic prophylaxis. No venous thrombosis occurred in any patients during the follow-up period. There was no mortality associated with thrombosis. D-dimer levels were often elevated in patients with WAIHA, indicating that the coagulation was activated in a considerable number of patients, but not to such a level as to be associated with clinically overt thrombosis. Conclusion Thrombotic complications occur infrequently in Japanese WAIHA patients, and these individuals do not appear to be at a particularly increased risk of thrombosis because of WAIHA. The indication of VTE prophylaxis should be determined individually, considering other risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrequent Thrombotic Complications in Japanese Patients with Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

et al. 2023

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“…Platelets are anucleate cells that circulate for approximately 7–10 days during which their protein composition change as they age leading to alterations in structure and function. Reticulated platelets (RP) (also known as immature platelets) represent the youngest platelets released into the circulation from Mks and are referred to as “reticulated,” analogous to reticulocytes in erythropoiesis ( 41 ). These young platelets appear to have increased RNA content compared to mature platelets as well as more dense granules and higher levels of surface activation markers upon stimulation ( Figure 2 ) ( 37 ).…”

Section: Platelet Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another method to evaluate reticulated platelets is using automated hematology analyzers such as the Sysmex analyzers reported as IPF% or #IPC ( 74 ). There are several pre- and post-analytical considerations when evaluating platelets using these techniques and we have reviewed all these considerations in greater detail in a previous review which readers might refer to ( 41 ). Annexin V could be used in FC to report the levels of procoagulant or apoptotic platelets due to its ability to bind to PS ( 75 ).…”

Section: Tools To Investigate Platelet Subsetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet Subtypes in Inflammatory Settings

Hamad

Krauel

Schanze

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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In addition to their essential role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets also modulate inflammatory reactions and immune responses. This is achieved by specialized surface receptors as well as secretory products including inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Platelets can support and facilitate the recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissue. The various properties of platelet function make it less surprising that circulating platelets are different within one individual. Platelets have different physical properties leading to distinct subtypes of platelets based either on their function (procoagulant, aggregatory, secretory) or their age (reticulated/immature, non-reticulated/mature). To understand the significance of platelet phenotypic variation, qualitatively distinguishable platelet phenotypes should be studied in a variety of physiological and pathological circumstances. The advancement in proteomics instrumentation and tools (such as mass spectrometry-driven approaches) improved the ability to perform studies beyond that of foundational work. Despite the wealth of knowledge around molecular processes in platelets, knowledge gaps in understanding platelet phenotypes in health and disease exist. In this review, we report an overview of the role of platelet subpopulations in inflammation and a selection of tools for investigating the role of platelet subpopulations in inflammation.

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“…SPA measured in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or blood is enhanced in patients with diabetes, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular disease [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], and has been reported to be a predictive risk marker of arterial occlusions in patients with diabetes and myocardial infarction [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Measurement of SPA using blood instead of PRP may reflect better systemic platelet reactivity in vivo, since blood contains other blood cells modifying platelet reactivity, and also the whole heterogeneous platelet population including the larger, more reactive young reticulated platelets [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Blood Is Mediated by FcγRIIA Stimulation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase

Duan¹,

Goldmann²,

Li³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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High platelet reactivity leading to spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) is a hallmark of cardiovascular diseases; however, the mechanism underlying SPA remains obscure. Platelet aggregation in stirred hirudin-anticoagulated blood was measured by multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) for 10 min. SPA started after a delay of 2–3 min. In our cohort of healthy blood donors (n = 118), nine donors (8%) with high SPA (>250 AU*min) were detected. Pre-incubation of blood with two different antibodies against the platelet Fc-receptor (anti-FcγRIIA, CD32a) significantly reduced high SPA by 86%. High but not normal SPA was dose-dependently and significantly reduced by blocking Fc of human IgG with a specific antibody. SPA was completely abrogated by blood pre-incubation with the reversible Btk-inhibitor (BTKi) fenebrutinib (50 nM), and 3 h after intake of the irreversible BTKi ibrutinib (280 mg) by healthy volunteers. Increased SPA was associated with higher platelet GPVI reactivity. Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/polyanion IgG complexes were excluded as activators of the platelet Fc-receptor. Our results indicate that high SPA in blood is due to platelet FcγRIIA stimulation by unidentified IgG complexes and mediated by Btk activation. The relevance of our findings for SPA as possible risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and pathogenic factor contributing to certain autoimmune diseases is discussed.

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Reticulated Platelets—Which Functions Have Been Established by In Vivo and In Vitro Data?

Cited by 9 publications

References 78 publications

Infrequent Thrombotic Complications in Japanese Patients with Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Infrequent Thrombotic Complications in Japanese Patients with Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Platelet Subtypes in Inflammatory Settings

Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Blood Is Mediated by FcγRIIA Stimulation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase

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