“…Using the case of Africa’s youth bulge, Sommers contends that the typical youth on the continent are more concerned with improving their socioeconomic situation, which has to a large extent, limited their social inclusion into adulthood, than joining violent movements. As argued earlier, the social expectations of youth to be economically independent at some point in their development, marry, have a decent accommodation, and support ageing parents, among others, places considerable pressure on those who lack the material means to do so, to strive to achieve such ends (Eguavoen, 2010; Wyn & White, 1997). The imagery of young people within large youth cohorts being preoccupied with violence is, therefore, a marked departure from the reality, as evidenced by the strikingly low levels of political and civil conflicts in many states with youth bulge, and even where conflicts have been in recent years, have not seen the participation of most youth in those countries (Sukarieh & Tannock, 2014, p. 107).…”