This article outlines an empirical study of professionals' experiences of work and learning in organisations. The study adopts and expands complexity theory in the workplace learning literature, specifically, complex adaptive systems which forms the basis of an innovative conceptual framework for explaining professionals' experiences of work and learning. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen professionals from a variety of organisations, industry sectors, and jobs within Australia. The transcripts were subjected to an adapted phenomenographic analysis and an analysis using the complex adaptive organisations conceptual framework. Findings The findings show that professionals experienced learning mainly through work, where work was experienced as fluid and influenced by varying degrees of emergence, agency, complex social networks, and adaptation. Further, the greater the degree of work fluidity, the greater the impetus towards learning through work, empirically indicating that the experience of learning in contemporary organisations is entwined with work. Originality/value This study innovatively used the concept of complex adaptive organisations as a conceptual framework, coupled with an adapted phenomenographic methodology, to investigate individual professionals' experiences of work and learning. The adoption of complex adaptive organisations provided more rigorous way in which to adopt complexity theory. In particular, the concept of emergence provides insights into how organisational complexity influences work and, subsequently, learning and adaptation.