Rethinking 'secondary' metabolism: physiological roles for phenazine antibiotics

Price-Whelan, Alexa; Dietrich, Lars E. P.; Newman, Dianne K.

doi:10.1038/nchembio764

Cited by 498 publications

(487 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Indeed, owing to the high pH (7.9) and CaCO 3 content of the Châteaurenard soil, the concentration of extractable iron was shown to be 15 times lower than that in the Carquefou soil (Lemanceau et al, 1988). As phenazines are redox-active antibiotics (Dietrich et al, 2008) and may contribute to iron mobilization in soils (Hernandez et al, 2004;Price-Whelan et al, 2006;Wang and Newman, 2008), the ability of bacteria to produce these metabolites may give them a competitive advantage under the iron-limiting conditions prevailing in the Châteaurenard suppressive soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the additional suppression provided by the bacterial and fungal combination was ascribed earlier to an interplay between carbon and iron competition achieved by these two groups of antagonistic microorganisms (Lemanceau et al, 1988: pyoverdine-mediated iron competition achieved by the fluorescent pseudomonads was shown to reduce the efficacy of carbon metabolism of the pathogenic F. oxysporum making it more susceptible to carbon competition with non-pathogenic F. oxysporum . Considering that phenazines are redox-active antibiotics (Dietrich et al, 2008) and may contribute to iron mobilization in soils (Hernandez et al, 2004;Price-Whelan et al, 2006), they also could play a role in iron competition, thereby making pathogenic F. oxysporum more susceptible to carbon competition with non-pathogenic F. oxysporum. Alternatively, phenazines also could act against pathogenic F. oxysporum as redox-active antibiotics leading to the accumulation of toxic oxygen radicals .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenazine antibiotics produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt

et al. 2009

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Natural disease-suppressive soils provide an untapped resource for the discovery of novel beneficial microorganisms and traits. For most suppressive soils, however, the consortia of microorganisms and mechanisms involved in pathogen control are unknown. To date, soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt disease has been ascribed to carbon and iron competition between pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and resident non-pathogenic F. oxysporum and fluorescent pseudomonads. In this study, the role of bacterial antibiosis in Fusarium wilt suppressiveness was assessed by comparing the densities, diversity and activity of fluorescent Pseudomonas species producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) (phlD+) or phenazine (phzC+) antibiotics. The frequencies of phlD+ populations were similar in the suppressive and conducive soils but their genotypic diversity differed significantly. However, phlD genotypes from the two soils were equally effective in suppressing Fusarium wilt, either alone or in combination with non-pathogenic F. oxysporum strain Fo47. A mutant deficient in DAPG production provided a similar level of control as its parental strain, suggesting that this antibiotic does not play a major role. In contrast, phzC+ pseudomonads were only detected in the suppressive soil. Representative phzC+ isolates of five distinct genotypes did not suppress Fusarium wilt on their own, but acted synergistically in combination with strain Fo47. This increased level of disease suppression was ascribed to phenazine production as the phenazine-deficient mutant was not effective. These results suggest, for the first time, that redox-active phenazines produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to the natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt disease and may act in synergy with carbon competition by resident non-pathogenic F. oxysporum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenazine antibiotics produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt

et al. 2009

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“…Although dedicated signals have been the focus of significant research over the last 20 y, it is clear that primary and secondary metabolites also impact the species composition and behaviors of microbial communities in vitro and in vivo (3)(4)(5). In some cases, once-presumed dedicated signals have been shown to also act as cues, suggesting that many small molecules may be multifunctional (1,(6)(7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Discovery of a biofilm electrocline using real-time 3D metabolite analysis

Koley¹,

Ramsey

Bard³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

100

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Bacteria are social organisms that possess multiple pathways for sensing and responding to small molecules produced by other microbes. Most bacteria in nature exist in sessile communities called biofilms, and the ability of biofilm bacteria to sense and respond to small molecule signals and cues produced by neighboring biofilm bacteria is particularly important. To understand microbial interactions between biofilms, it is necessary to perform rapid, real-time spatial quantification of small molecules in microenvironments immediately surrounding biofilms; however, such measurements have been elusive. In this study, scanning electrochemical microscopy was used to quantify small molecules surrounding a biofilm in 3D space. Measuring concentrations of the redox-active signaling molecule pyocyanin (PYO) produced by biofilms of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed a high concentration of PYO that is actively maintained in the reduced state proximal to the biofilm. This gradient results in a reduced layer of PYO that we have termed the PYO "electrocline," a gradient of redox potential, which extends several hundred microns from the biofilm surface. We also demonstrate that the PYO electrocline is formed under electron acceptor-limiting conditions, and that growth conditions favoring formation of the PYO electrocline correlate to an increase in soluble iron. Additionally, we have taken a "reactive image" of a biofilm surface, demonstrating the rate of bacterial redox activity across a 2D surface. These studies establish methodology for spatially coordinated concentration and redox status measurements of microbe-produced small molecules and provide exciting insights into the roles these molecules play in microbial competition and nutrient acquisition.ultramicroelectrode | square wave voltammetry | local redox microenvironment | reduced pyocyanin layer

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“…13 However, discovery of the antitrypanosomal activities of griseoluteic acid, griseolutein B, phenazinomycin and clofazimine is novel and our data constitute the first report of such properties.…”

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confidence: 72%

In vitro and in vivo anti-Trypanosoma brucei activities of phenazinomycin and related compounds

et al. 2010

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Rethinking 'secondary' metabolism: physiological roles for phenazine antibiotics

Cited by 498 publications

References 91 publications

Phenazine antibiotics produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt

Phenazine antibiotics produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt

Discovery of a biofilm electrocline using real-time 3D metabolite analysis

In vitro and in vivo anti-Trypanosoma brucei activities of phenazinomycin and related compounds

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