Rethinking our understanding of the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chickens

Immerseel, Filip Van; Rood, Julian I.; Moore, Robert J.; Titball, Richard W.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2008.09.005

Cited by 283 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…a varying mortality rate occurs (Williams, 1996). It has been shown to increase the risk of NE occurrence (Al-Sheikhly & Al-Saieg, 1980) by damage of epithelia (Williams, 2005), protein leakage and increase of mucus secretion allowing C. perfringens to replicate and produce toxins (Van Immerseel et al, 2004, 2009Collier et al, 2008;Cooper & Songer, 2010). NE was effectively prevented by mixing antimicrobial growth promoters in the broiler feed (Elwinger et al, 1998;Lanckriet et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of early treatment with toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in chickens

et al. 2013

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of early treatment with toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in chickens

et al. 2013

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“…The causative agent of NE is Clostridium perfringens, which can be found in litter, excreta, soil, and dust, as well as in the intestinal contents of healthy broilers (Williams, 2005). Necrotic enteritis is characterized by severe necrosis of the intestinal mucosa and inflammation of the small intestine, and results in a significant decline in performance as well as increased mortality during acute infection (Van Immerseel et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Xylanase Supplementation and Citric Acid on Performance, Ileal Nutrients Digestibility, and Gene Expression of Intestinal Nutrient Transporters in Broilers Challenged with <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>

2017

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase and citric acid (CA) on growth, digesta pH, ileal populations of Clostridium perfringens and lactic acid bacteria, ileal nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activity, and mRNA expression of intestinal nutrient transporters in starter broilers challenged with C. perfringens. The experiment was conducted in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two levels of CA (0 and 30 g/kg) and 2 levels of xylanase (0 and 200 mg/kg). Each of the four dietary treatments was fed to six replicate pens (15 birds/pen) between 0 and 21 d of age. Dietary CA significantly increased ADFI and ADG; meanwhile, xylanase addition led to a substantial reduction in FCR (P＜0.05). No differences in digesta pH, C. perfringens counts, or quantity of lactic acid bacteria were found between the treatments. Xylanase supplementation increased AME values (P＜0.01) and ileal digestibility of CP (P＜0.05) in challenged birds. The inclusion of CA also increased the AME (P＜0.01), and tended to increased ileal CP digestibility (P＝0.085). Xylanase supplementation increased α-amylase, trypsin, and sucrose activity in the jejunum (P＜0.01). Dietary CA significantly increased (P＜0.01) villi length as well as the villus length to crypt depth ratio in jejunum segments. The jejunal mRNA expression of sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) and H + -dependent peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) were upregulated by xylanase supplementation (P＜0.01). The results suggest that dietary CA can promote growth as well as improve intestinal morphology and AME in birds challenged with necrotic enteritis. This study shows that xylanase supplementation improved FCR and AME in birds independent of C. perfringens infection; it also elevated the apparent ileal digestibility of CP, digestive enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in challenged birds.

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“…Damage to the intestinal mucosa is an important predisposing factor, with coccidiosis co-infection known to have a high impact (Collier et al, 2008;Elwinger et al, 1992;Williams, 2005). The feed composition also plays an important role; highprotein-containing and high-non-starch polysaccharide-containing diets are predisposing factors (Branton et al, 1987(Branton et al, , 1997Riddell & Kong, 1992;Gholamiandehkordi et al, 2007;Van Immerseel et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and problems in vaccination against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

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Necrotic enteritis in broilers is caused by Clostridium perfringens type A strains that produce the NetB toxin. Necrotic enteritis is one of the gastrointestinal diseases in poultry that has gained worldwide importance during the last decade due to efforts to improve broiler performance. Prevention strategies include avoiding predisposing factors, such as coccidiosis, and in-feed supplementation with a variety of feed additives. However, vaccination with modified toxin or other secreted immunogenic proteins seems a logical preventive tool for protection against a toxin-producing bacterium. Formalin-inactivated crude supernatant has been used initially for vaccination. Several studies have been carried out recently to identify the most important immunogenic and protective proteins that can be used for vaccination. These include the NetB toxin, as well as a number of other proteins. There is evidence that immunization with single proteins is not protective against severe challenge and that combinations of different antigens are needed. Most published studies have used multiple dosage vaccination regimens that are not relevant for practical use in the broiler industry. Single vaccination regimens for 1-day-old chicks appear to be non-protective. This review describes the history of vaccination strategies against necrotic enteritis in broilers and gives an update on future vaccination strategies that are applicable in the field. These may include breeder hen vaccination, in ovo vaccination and live attenuated vectors to be used in feed or in drinking water

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Rethinking our understanding of the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chickens

Cited by 283 publications

References 56 publications

Efficacy of early treatment with toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in chickens

Efficacy of early treatment with toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in chickens

Effects of Xylanase Supplementation and Citric Acid on Performance, Ileal Nutrients Digestibility, and Gene Expression of Intestinal Nutrient Transporters in Broilers Challenged with <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>

Progress and problems in vaccination against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

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