Rethinking How We Think About Cognitive Interventions for Depression: An Example From Research on Second-Language Acquisition

Haeffel, Gerald J.; Kaschak, Michael P.

doi:10.1177/2167702618794157

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In other words, generating inferences about the stability and globality of life stress was something that all participants were able to do. This work is consistent with recent theorizing (Haeffel & Kaschak, 2019) proposing that cognitive vulnerability can be thought of as one's native language for interpreting life stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Cognitive vulnerability tends to solidify during early adolescence, and then shows trait-like stability throughout the life span (see Romens et al, 2008 for review). It can be thought of as one's "native language" for interpreting life stress (Haeffel & Kaschak, 2019). Research has largely supported the cognitive vulnerability hypothesis featured in the hopelessness theory (Abramson et al, 1999;Hankin et al, 2005;Hong et al, 2006;Metalsky et al, 1987;Swendsen, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

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What Diverse Samples Can Teach Us About Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression

Haeffel

Burke

Missen

et al. 2023

Collabra: Psychology

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Tests of generalizability can diversify psychological science and improve theories and measurement. To this end, we conducted five studies testing the cognitive vulnerability to depression hypothesis featured in the hopelessness theory of depression: Study 1 was conducted with Honduran young adults (n = 50); Study 2 was conducted with Nepali adults (n = 34); Study 3 was conducted with Western hemisphere adults (n = 104); Study 4 was conducted with Black U.S. adults (n = 119); and Study 5 was conducted with U.S. undergraduates (n = 110). Results showed that cognitive vulnerability could be measured reliably in diverse populations and the distribution of vulnerability scores was similar for all samples. However, the tendency to generate negative inferences about stress had different implications for depression depending on sample; the association between cognitive vulnerability and depressive symptoms did not generalize to Honduran and Nepali participants. It is now necessary to understand why a negative cognitive style confers risk for depression in some contexts but not others (e.g., is it issues related to measurement, theory, or both). The results also suggest that understanding and reducing the global burden of depression will require more than simply “translating” existing cognitive measures and theories to other countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

What Diverse Samples Can Teach Us About Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression

Haeffel

Burke

Missen

et al. 2023

Collabra: Psychology

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“…We suspect participants would choose a song that they enjoy. Second, we decided to omit the test of music on negative inferential style because this factor is a highly entrenched form of thinking (similar to a native language; Haeffel & Kaschak, 2019). In retrospect, it was likely unreasonable to hypothesize that listening to a single song could change this trait‐like style.…”

Section: Study 2 – Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negative inferential style vulnerability featured in the hopelessness theory is a highly entrenched way of thinking about one's world that is difficult to change, and altering thoughts requires cognitive resources and practice. Indeed, Haeffel and Kaschak (2019) compare changing negative inferential style to trying to learn a second language. And it is particularly difficult for people to generate less negative cognitive inferences during episodes of low mood or depression because of mood‐congruent thinking (Mineka & Nugent, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listening to a popular upbeat song can lead to more adaptive cognitive inferences for stressful events in non‐clinical adult populations

Smith

Brouder

Lawlor

et al. 2023

British J Clinic Psychol

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Objective We tested the effect of music on idiographic cognitive inferences about stressful events. Method In Study 1 (n = 336), adult participants from the United States were randomly assigned to non‐familiar songs that differed by lyrical content and tempo. In Studies 2 (n = 302) and 3 (n = 323), adult participants from the United States were randomly assigned to either a positive, neutral or no‐song condition. Results The results of Study 1 failed to support any of the study hypotheses. Given the null results, we decided to conduct a second study focused on increasing external validity and power (i.e., including fewer experimental conditions). The results of Study 2 showed that adults randomly assigned to a familiar upbeat song condition experienced an increase in positive affect and a decrease in event‐specific negative cognitions. A third study was then conducted to replicate the results and rule out a potential confound. Results of Study 3 corroborated the results of Study 2. Conclusion Taken together (Studies 2 and 3), results indicate it may be useful for future research to test the extent to which familiar upbeat music can be helpful during cognitive restructuring activities in psychotherapy to nudge people to generate more adaptive cognitions.

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Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Combat Veterans: A Guide to Using Behavior Therapy for Anxiety and PTSD (BTAP)

Goodson

Haeffel

2022

Клиническая И Специальная Психология

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PTSD is a chronic and disabling condition associated with psychiatric and medical comorbidity and diminished quality of life. Military Veterans are at increased risk for developing PTSD, and combat-related PTSD may be more difficult to treat than civilian PTSD. Both Prolonged Exposure and Cognitive Processing Therapy are empirically supported treatments for PTSD in military populations with a strong empirical foundation. However, they require considerable resources to implement and can be difficult for providers and patients to learn. To address these limitations, we created Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and PTSD (BTAP), which is a simple, behavior-based therapy rooted in learning theory. Building on empirically established therapies such as Prolonged Exposure, BTAP has a singular focus on identifying, reducing, and countering safety behaviors that maintain PTSD. Because it only focuses on safety behaviors, it is simple to learn and implement; therapist trainings are one day, and follow-up consultation provided as needed. In this special issue article, we describe the BTAP protocol as well as provide real world case examples from Veterans to illustrate key components of the treatment. We also present data from five Veteran patients that demonstrate feasibility, acceptance, and preliminary evidence of effectiveness. Patients reported significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, intrusions, and safety behaviors. This work suggests that BTAP for treating PTSD merits further investigation.

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Rethinking How We Think About Cognitive Interventions for Depression: An Example From Research on Second-Language Acquisition

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

What Diverse Samples Can Teach Us About Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression

What Diverse Samples Can Teach Us About Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression

Listening to a popular upbeat song can lead to more adaptive cognitive inferences for stressful events in non‐clinical adult populations

Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Combat Veterans: A Guide to Using Behavior Therapy for Anxiety and PTSD (BTAP)

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