Rethinking exercise testing in children: a challenge.

Cooper, D M

doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.4.7551363

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, one should recognise that maximal incremental testing is not representative of the daily pattern of exercise activities in the paediatric group (which is better characterised by short bursts of activity); new submaximal protocols have been suggested to be more suitable for evaluating training responses in children [29]. In addition, the degree of fitness in the initial evaluation was above that expected for asthmatic children (Table 1) and the low pre-intervention prevalence of unfit children could have induced a type II error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: <i>Effect of aerobic training on airflow obstruction, vo2 max, EIB in stable asthmatic children</i>

Kathiresan¹,

Paulraj²

2010

Health

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Journal:Health ( Free style text with summary of information from above and more details that can not be expressed by ticking boxes.This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. Aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. ABSTRACTChildren with bronchial asthma, primarily those with a clinically more severe disease, tend to have a sedentary lifestyle and therefore be inclined to have lower aerobic fitness than their healthy non-asthmatic peers. Aerobic training has a number of well known beneficial effects in both normal and asthmatic children. However, the impact of training on the clinical management of the underlying bronchial asthma remains controversial, particularly in the most severe patients. Clinical evaluation, spirometric tests, symptom limited maximum exercise testing, and exercise challenge tests were performed in a group of children with stable moderate to severe asthma. Forty two patients (24 boys) aged 8-16 were evaluated twice: before and after supervised aerobic training (group 1, n = 26) and two months apart (untrained group 2, n = 16). In results, Spirometric and maximal exercise variables in the initial evaluation were significantly reduced in group 1 (p < 0.05) but medication and clinical scores and the occurrence of exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB) did not differ between the two groups. Aerobic improvement with training (maximal oxygen uptake and/or anaerobic threshold increment > 10% and 100 ml) was inversely related to the baseline level of fitness and was independent of disease severity. Although the clinical score and the occurrence of EIB did not change after training, aerobic improvement was associated with a significant reduction in the medication score and the daily use of both inhaled and oral steroids (p < 0.05). In conclusion, results show that the less fit asthmatic children were able to normalize their aerobic fitness with a supervised training programme without clinical complications. Interestingly, I found a significant association between aerobic improvement and reduction in use of both inhaled and oral steroids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: <i>Effect of aerobic training on airflow obstruction, vo2 max, EIB in stable asthmatic children</i>

Kathiresan¹,

Paulraj²

2010

Health

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“…Thirdly, the level of conditioning was regarded as a major factor for matching subjects, thus avoiding a frequent bias in comparison of asthmatics and healthy individuals. Lastly, the assessment of exercise tolerance and fitness was accomplished through an overall analysis of maximal indices of aerobic performance as well as the trends of the same parameters at different submaximal levels of exercise, as recently recommended when dealing with children [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise performance in children with asthma: is it different from that of healthy controls?

Santuz¹,

Baraldi²,

Filippone³

et al. 1997

Eur Respir J

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Exercise tolerance and possible limitation in work capacity of asthmatic children is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to compare ventilation and gas exchange response to exercise of asthmatic children with that of healthy controls.Exercise performance was evaluated in 80 children with mild-to-moderate asthma, aged 7-15 yrs, and in 80 healthy controls matched for age, height, weight and habitual level of physical activity. The children performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill, during which oxygen uptake (V 'O 2 ), carbon dioxide output (V 'CO 2 ) and minute ventilation (V 'E) were measured continuously. No premedication was given to the asthmatic children.Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at rest was 93±11% of predicted in asthmatic children and 95±9% pred in controls. After the run, the mean fall in FEV1 was 13.9% (range 0-57%) and 1.6% (0-9%), respectively (p<0.001). The two groups achieved similar maximum oxygen uptake (V 'O 2 ,max) ((mean±SD) 40.3± 8.4 and 42.6±9.6 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 in asthmatics and controls, respectively; NS) and maximum minute ventilation output (V 'E,max) (42.9±14.8 and 45.7±14.9 L·min -1 respectively; NS). The kinetics of V 'O 2 , V 'CO 2 and V 'E during the test revealed no differences between the two populations. Moreover, anaerobic threshold and oxygen pulse were the same in the two groups. Asthmatics showed a ventilatory pattern with lower respiratory frequencies and greater tidal volumes during the run.These results suggest that asthmatic children can achieve a level of exercise performance similar to that of healthy children, provided that they have a comparable level of habitual physical activity. The only difference found concerned the ventilatory pattern of the asthmatic children, which was characterized by a reduced respiratory frequency and greater tidal volume at the same minute ventilation. The level of physical conditioning was found to be the main determinant of exercise tolerance for children with controlled asthma.

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“…A particularly notable finding was the relative inefficacy of the training programme in improving the maximal aerobic parameters in almost 60% of the children. However, one should recognise that maximal incremental testing is not representative of the daily pattern of exercise activities in the paediatric group (which is better characterised by short bursts of activity); new submaximal protocols have been suggested to be more suitable for evaluating training responses in children (Cooper, 1995). In addition, the degree of fitness in the initial evaluation was above that expected for asthmatic children and the low pre-intervention prevalence of unfit children could have induced a type II error.…”

Section: Aerobic Training Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation and Its Concern

Kathiresan¹

2012

Bronchial Asthma - Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

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Rethinking exercise testing in children: a challenge.

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

RETRACTED: <i>Effect of aerobic training on airflow obstruction, vo2 max, EIB in stable asthmatic children</i>

RETRACTED: <i>Effect of aerobic training on airflow obstruction, vo2 max, EIB in stable asthmatic children</i>

Exercise performance in children with asthma: is it different from that of healthy controls?

Rehabilitation and Its Concern

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Rethinking exercise testing in children: a challenge.

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

RETRACTED: &lt;i&gt;Effect of aerobic training on airflow obstruction, vo2 max, EIB in stable asthmatic children&lt;/i&gt;

RETRACTED: &lt;i&gt;Effect of aerobic training on airflow obstruction, vo2 max, EIB in stable asthmatic children&lt;/i&gt;

Exercise performance in children with asthma: is it different from that of healthy controls?

Rehabilitation and Its Concern

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Product

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RETRACTED: <i>Effect of aerobic training on airflow obstruction, vo2 max, EIB in stable asthmatic children</i>

RETRACTED: <i>Effect of aerobic training on airflow obstruction, vo2 max, EIB in stable asthmatic children</i>