Rethinking equine gastric ulcer syndrome: Part 2 – Equine squamous gastric ulcer syndrome (<scp>ESGUS</scp>)

Sykes, B. W.; Jokisalo, Jonna

doi:10.1111/eve.12277

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Lesions extending into the squamous mucosa from the margo plicatus are uncommon in spontaneous disease . These observations contradict a recent review emphazing the role of HCl as the dominant erosive agent in the development of ESGD and suggest that less acidic factors, such as short‐chain fatty acids and duodenal bile salts, are important contributors to mucosal damage in some circumstances. Reflux of alkaline small intestinal content is observed commonly during gastroscopic examination, and samples obtained from NGT in our study were typically yellow, consistent with bile content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…2,3 Equine gastric ulcer syndrome has been recommended as an encompassing term for all erosive and ulcerative conditions of the equine stomach. 4 Importantly, however, given likely differences in the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of diseases of the squamous and glandular gastric mucosa, 5,6 the terms equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) are now preferred. 4 The pathogenesis of ESGD is likely related predominantly to increased exposure to highly acidic gastric contents, 5 although bile acids and volatile fatty acids also have been implicated in the induction of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of transportation on gastric pH and gastric ulceration in mares

Padalino

Davis

Raidal

2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Transportation has been suggested as a risk factor for gastric ulceration in horses, but limited evidence supports this assumption. Animals Twenty‐six Standardbred, Thoroughbred, and Warmblood mares from a university teaching herd. Methods Twelve mares were confined for 12 hours, overnight, in reproductive stocks with indwelling nasogastric tubes (NGTs) to assess pH of gastric fluid (GF). Gastric ulceration was assessed endoscopically before and after confinement. Subsequently, 26 horses were transported for 12 hours, overnight, in 2 consignments. During transportation, GF was aspirated from indwelling NGT placed in the same 12 mares used in the confinement study, and gastric ulceration was assessed endoscopically before and after transportation in all horses. Results The median pH of GF in confined horses was 1.70‐2.49 at each sampling point, and there was no apparent effect on gastric squamous ulcer scores. The median pH of GF from the same 12 horses at corresponding sampling times during transportation was 6.82‐7.22. Transportation was associated with increased gastric squamous ulcer scores, particularly in horses fasted for gastroscopy and NGT placement immediately before departure. Gastric emptying appeared delayed after transportation in horses fed before departure. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Transportation is associated with increased gastric squamous ulceration and with increased pH of GF. These findings may be a consequence of impaired gastric emptying and reflux of alkaline small intestinal content, with factors such as duodenal bile salts and short‐chain fatty acids mediating mucosal injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of transportation on gastric pH and gastric ulceration in mares

Padalino

Davis

Raidal

2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Further, a wide degree of variation is observed in the individual absorption of omeprazole (Sykes et al 2014e). Further investigation into the duration of acid suppression achieved with a variety of dosing regimens is ongoing; however, in the meantime the authors dose omeprazole in a manner similar to their recommendations for ESGUS (Sykes and Jokisalo 2014b), accepting that such recommendations are likely to change as more information becomes available. Given the slow response to treatment, the authors routinely treat EGGUS for a minimum of 6 weeks prior to repeating gastroscopy.…”

Section: Management and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking equine gastric ulcer syndrome: Part 3 – Equine glandular gastric ulcer syndrome (EGGUS)

Sykes¹,

Jokisalo

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary It has recently been highlighted that significant differences exist between ulceration of the squamous gastric mucosa and ulceration of the glandular gastric mucosa in the horse. The first article in this series discussed terminology, clinical signs and diagnosis and the second reviewed ulceration of the squamous gastric mucosa in detail. The purpose of this article, the third and last in the series, is to review the pathophysiology, risk factors, prevalence, treatment and prevention of ulceration of the glandular gastric mucosa.

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“…). Various authors (Sykes and Jokisalo , ,b) and the European College of Equine Internal Medicine Consensus Statement (Sykes et al . ) have provided a new nomenclature of EGUS, and have proposed updated guidelines regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome in adult donkeys: Investigation on prevalence, anatomical distribution, and severity

Sgorbini

Bonelli

Papini

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary The study was performed on 39 live donkeys that underwent gastroscopic examination. The lesions were recorded in accordance with the European College of Equine Internal Medicine Consensus Statement guidelines. The presence of Gasterophilus sp. larvae was also recorded. Larvae were collected and identified to species level. Fisher's exact test was used to compare different prevalence values for sex, age, and anatomical distribution of lesions. Gastric lesions were present in 20/39 (51.3% [35.6–67%]) donkeys; 19/39 (48.7% [95% confidence interval = 33–64.4%]) were affected only by equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD), while 1/39 (2.6% [0–7.5%]) showed both ESGD and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), thus 95% of positive donkeys showed lesions located in the nonglandular mucosa. The ESGD grade was 0/4 (48.7% [33–64.4%]) in 19/39, 1/4 (12.8% [2.3–23.3%]) in 5/39, 2/4 (25.6% [11.9–39.5%]) in 10/39, 3/4 in 4/39 (10.3% [0.7–19.8%]) and 4/4 in 1/39 (2.6% [0–7.5%]) donkeys, respectively. The EGGD lesion was a mild depression in the ventral glandular fundus. ESGD was primary in all the donkeys included and lesions were located around the cardia and along the lesser curvature. Gasterophilus sp. larvae were present in all animals and were identified as third‐stage larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis. No animals showed clinical signs of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). No significant differences relating to sex, age or breed were found in the prevalence of EGUS in this study, while the proportion of donkeys affected by ESGD was statistically higher than those affected by EGGD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the gastroscopic evaluation of EGUS in live donkeys. Our results show a higher prevalence of EGUS in live donkeys than values previously reported by other authors in donkeys that were dead or had been subjected to euthanasia. The detection of third‐stage G. intestinalis larvae was not unexpected since these can be found in the stomach of equids throughout the year, and G. intestinalis has been reported as the most common Gasterophilus sp. in Italy.

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Rethinking equine gastric ulcer syndrome: Part 2 – Equine squamous gastric ulcer syndrome (ESGUS)

Cited by 22 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of transportation on gastric pH and gastric ulceration in mares

Effects of transportation on gastric pH and gastric ulceration in mares

Rethinking equine gastric ulcer syndrome: Part 3 – Equine glandular gastric ulcer syndrome (EGGUS)

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome in adult donkeys: Investigation on prevalence, anatomical distribution, and severity

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