Rethinking Autoantibody Signature Panels for Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract

When the current panel of antigens and assay format was used, classification algorithms based on levels of autoantibodies to cancer antigens did not prove to have statistically significant value for predicting the presence of cancer. We suggest that there are inherent biological limitations to this approach.

The Importance of the Immune System and Molecular Cell Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Lung Cancer

“…More and more attention has been paid by scientists to the development of combinations of biomarker molecules found in the blood or sputum of lung cancer patients that could potentially contribute to the early detection of neoplastic changes. According to the data available from the literature, these molecules are usually associated in several combinations and classified into one of four groups: autoantibody-based marker combinations, metabolites, protein-based biomarker combinations and mixed panels of markers ( Figure 4 ) [ 313 , 314 , 315 , 316 , 317 , 318 , 319 , 320 , 321 , 322 , 323 , 324 , 325 , 326 , 327 , 328 , 329 , 330 , 331 , 332 , 333 , 334 , 335 , 336 ].…”

“… Biomarker molecules for use in the diagnostic process of lung cancer (based on [ 313 , 314 , 315 , 316 , 317 , 318 , 319 , 320 , 321 , 322 , 323 , 324 , 325 , 326 , 327 , 328 , 329 , 330 , 331 , 332 , 333 , 334 , 335 , 336 ]). Abbreviations: p53—tumor protein P53; CAGE—cancer-associated gene protein; NY-ESO-1—New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1; SOX2—SRY-box transcription factor 2; MAGEA4—melanoma-associated antigen 4; HuD—ELAV-like protein 4; PGP 9.5—protein gene product 9.5; GAGE7—G antigen 7; MAGEA1—melanoma-associated antigen 1; IMPDH1—inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1; PGAM—phosphoglycerate mutase; HSP-9B—heat shock protein family A member 9B; SEC15L2—EXOC1 exocyst complex component 1; XRCC5—X-ray repair cross complementing 5; MALAT1—metastasis-related lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; HCC1—nuclear protein Hcc-1; BARD1—BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1; ECH1—Enoyl-CoA hydratase 1; HNRNPA2B1—heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1; ANXA1—annexin A1; FOXP3—forkhead box protein P3; c-MYC—MYC proto-oncogene; MDM2—mouse double minute 2 homolog; NPM1—nucleophosmin 1; p16—cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; TTC14—tetratricopeptide repeat domain 14; BRAF—serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf; CK8—cytokeratin 8; CK20—cytokeratin 20; CDK2—cyclin-dependent kinase 2; CEA—carcinoembryonic antigen; CYFRA 21-1—cytokeratin 19 fragments; CA 125—cancer antigen 125; CRP—C-reactive protein; HGF—hepatocyte growth factor; ENO1—alpha-enolase; ProGRP—progastrin-releasing peptide; MCP1—monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; IL-6—interleukin-6; IL-10—interleukin-10; NSE—neuron-specific enolase; SAA—serum amyloid A; RBP—retinol-binding proteins; A1AT—alpha-1 antitrypsin; CART—cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript; MIP-1α—macrophage inflammatory proteins alpha 1; SCF—Skp, Cullin, F-box-containing complex; TNF RI—tumor necrosis factor receptor I; IFN-γ—interferon gamma; TNF-α—tumor necrosis factor alpha; sIL-6R—soluble interleukin-6 receptor; TTR—transthyretin; THBS1—thrombospondin-1; CCL5—CC motif chemokine ligand 5; MIF—macrophage migration inhibitory factor; PAI-1—plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; ERBB2—erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; IGF1—insulin-like growth factor 1; RANTES—regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; AFP—alpha fetoprotein; MMP-1—matrix metallopeptidase 1; MMP-9—matrix metallopeptidase 9; YKL-40—chitinase-3-like protein; IL-1Ra—interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; sIL-2Ra—human soluble interleukin 2 r...…”

Blood based biomarkers beyond genomics for lung cancer screening

“…A n o t h e r s t u d y i n v o l v e d a p a n e l o f 2 5 s e r u m autoantibodies associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that were tested in a protein microarray format containing the autoantigens using sera from 125 patients with NSCLC and 125 matched controls with a benign nodule (63). In the training data set the logistic regression c-index statistic was 0.691 and 0.490 in the test set.…”