Retention models for isocratic and gradient elution in reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Nikitas, P.; Pappa-Louisi, A.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.051

Cited by 138 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…On the other hand, different retention models have been proposed for isocratic or gradient elution to discuss the retention mechanism [22]. For example, LSS retention model expresses the relationship between retention factor k and the percentage u of organic modifier in reversed-phase chromatography as follows [18,[22][23][24][25]:…”

Section: Discussion On the Retention Mechanism Using The Retention Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioseparation of Hydrobenzoin and Structurally Related Compounds on β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Bonded Chiral Stationary Phases

Guo

Xie

et al. 2011

Chromatographia

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A b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) and a hydroxypropylb-cyclodextrin (HP-b-CD) bonded chiral stationary phase (CSP) were prepared. Comparative evaluations of these two CSPs for the enantioseparation of hydrobenzoin, benzoin and a-phenethyl alcohol by reversed-phase liquid chromatography were presented. The effects of buffer composition in the mobile phase on the retention and enantioseparation were investigated. The borate buffer had a significant influence on the retention and enantioseparation of hydrobenzoin. Linear solvent strength retention model was used to fit the chromatographic data. Good linearity existed between the logarithm of retention factor (k) and the volume fraction of organic modifier (u). Another retention model, stoichiometric displacement theory for retention, was also tried to fit the chromatographic data. The results showed that not only acetonitrile, but also water molecules participated in the displacing process of the solute.

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Section: Discussion On the Retention Mechanism Using The Retention Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioseparation of Hydrobenzoin and Structurally Related Compounds on β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Bonded Chiral Stationary Phases

Guo

Xie

et al. 2011

Chromatographia

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“…On the other hand, different retention models have been proposed to discuss the retention mechanism [35]; for example, the linear solvent strength (LSS) retention model expresses the relationship between the retention factor and the percentage of organic modifier in reversed-phase chromatography [35][36][37][38]. The stoichiometric displacement theory for retention (SDT-R) has also been proposed based on the assumption of five equilibria involving the solute, the bonded phase, and the organic solvent [39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversal of Elution Order between Enantiomers of Binaphthol on an Immobilized Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phase

et al. 2011

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Enantioseparation of 1,1 0 -bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) was performed on an immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase (CSP), Chiralpak IA, in the normalphase mode. The effects of polar modifier in the mobile phase and column temperature on retention, enantioseparation, and elution order were investigated. An interesting reversal of elution order for BINOL was observed. When ethanol was used as a polar modifier, R-BINOL was eluted first with marginal enantioseparation. Excellent enantioseparation was obtained when ethanol was replaced by 1-propanol, and S-BINOL was eluted first, this effect being retained with 2-butanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol or 1-hexanol as the modifier. When isoamyl alcohol was used, reversal of elution order was again observed, i.e., R-BINOL eluted first with marginal enantioseparation, similar to the case of ethanol. When cyclohexanol and cyclopentanol were used, R-BINOL was still eluted first, but enantioseparation was as good as with 1-propanol as the modifier. This is the first report of large enantioseparation obtained in both elution orders for a given selector/selectant system. A retention model based on stoichiometric displacement theory for retention (SDT-R) was investigated to fit the chromatographic data. The reason for solvent-induced reversal of elution order was elucidated based on a derivation of the retention model. Reversal of elution order for BINOL induced by the content of isoamyl alcohol was also predicted based on the model and confirmed by experiment.

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“…where kw is the retention factor using water as mobile phase, and a and b are fitting parameters [24,25].…”

Section: Effect Of the Modifier Content On The Retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of the Retention and Peak Profile for Chromolith Columns in Isocratic and Gradient Elution Using Mobile Phase Composition and Flow Rate as Factors

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The effect of the modifier concentration and flow rate on the chromatographic performance of a second generation Chromolith® RP-18e column, under isocratic and gradient elution with acetonitrile-water mixtures, was examined using four sulphonamides as probe compounds. The acetonitrile concentration was varied between 5 and 55% (v/v), and the flow rate between 0.1 and 5.0 mL/min, keeping the other factors constant. The changes in both retention and peak profile were modelled, and used to build simple plots, where the logarithm of the retention factor was represented against the modifier concentration (in gradient elution, against the initial modifier concentration), and the half-widths or widths against the retention time (in gradient elution, against the time at the column outlet). A particular plot was needed for describing the retention of each sulphonamide, but due to the similar interaction kinetics, a unique plot described the changes in the half-widths for all four sulphonamides. The changes in retention with the flow showed that allegedly in the second generation Chromolith, the column deformation observed for the first generation Chromolith, with the applied pressure at increasing flow, is decreased.

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Retention models for isocratic and gradient elution in reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Cited by 138 publications

References 210 publications

Enantioseparation of Hydrobenzoin and Structurally Related Compounds on β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Bonded Chiral Stationary Phases

Enantioseparation of Hydrobenzoin and Structurally Related Compounds on β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Bonded Chiral Stationary Phases

Reversal of Elution Order between Enantiomers of Binaphthol on an Immobilized Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phase

Description of the Retention and Peak Profile for Chromolith Columns in Isocratic and Gradient Elution Using Mobile Phase Composition and Flow Rate as Factors

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