Abstract:Background: Effective strategies for participant retention are critical in health research to ensure validity, generalizability and efficient use of resources. Yet standardized guidelines for planning and reporting on retention efforts have been lacking. As with randomized controlled trial (RCT) and systematic review (SR) protocols, retention protocols are an opportunity to improve transparency and rigor. An RCT being conducted in British Columbia (BC), Canada provides a case example for developing a priori re… Show more
“…establishing a rapport, regular follow-up interviews) could be effective strategies. 42 We also identified that number of years since recruitment was associated with increased odds of not responding to the survey (Supplementary Table 2), suggesting that efforts to engage more longstanding members of the NCMH cohort will be particularly important.…”
Section: Mental Health Worse During Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning
Background
There is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected mental health, but most studies have been conducted in the general population.
Aims
To identify factors associated with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with pre-existing mental illness.
Method
Participants (N = 2869, 78% women, ages 18–94 years) from a UK cohort (the National Centre for Mental Health) with a history of mental illness completed a cross-sectional online survey in June to August 2020. Mental health assessments were the GAD-7 (anxiety), PHQ-9 (depression) and WHO-5 (well-being) questionnaires, and a self-report question on whether their mental health had changed during the pandemic. Regressions examined associations between mental health outcomes and hypothesised risk factors. Secondary analyses examined associations between specific mental health diagnoses and mental health.
Results
A total of 60% of participants reported that mental health had worsened during the pandemic. Younger age, difficulty accessing mental health services, low income, income affected by COVID-19, worry about COVID-19, reduced sleep and increased alcohol/drug use were associated with increased depression and anxiety symptoms and reduced well-being. Feeling socially supported by friends/family/services was associated with better mental health and well-being. Participants with a history of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or eating disorder were more likely to report that mental health had worsened during the pandemic than individuals without a history of these diagnoses.
Conclusions
We identified factors associated with worse mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with pre-existing mental illness, in addition to specific groups potentially at elevated risk of poor mental health during the pandemic.
“…establishing a rapport, regular follow-up interviews) could be effective strategies. 42 We also identified that number of years since recruitment was associated with increased odds of not responding to the survey (Supplementary Table 2), suggesting that efforts to engage more longstanding members of the NCMH cohort will be particularly important.…”
Section: Mental Health Worse During Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning
Background
There is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected mental health, but most studies have been conducted in the general population.
Aims
To identify factors associated with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with pre-existing mental illness.
Method
Participants (N = 2869, 78% women, ages 18–94 years) from a UK cohort (the National Centre for Mental Health) with a history of mental illness completed a cross-sectional online survey in June to August 2020. Mental health assessments were the GAD-7 (anxiety), PHQ-9 (depression) and WHO-5 (well-being) questionnaires, and a self-report question on whether their mental health had changed during the pandemic. Regressions examined associations between mental health outcomes and hypothesised risk factors. Secondary analyses examined associations between specific mental health diagnoses and mental health.
Results
A total of 60% of participants reported that mental health had worsened during the pandemic. Younger age, difficulty accessing mental health services, low income, income affected by COVID-19, worry about COVID-19, reduced sleep and increased alcohol/drug use were associated with increased depression and anxiety symptoms and reduced well-being. Feeling socially supported by friends/family/services was associated with better mental health and well-being. Participants with a history of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or eating disorder were more likely to report that mental health had worsened during the pandemic than individuals without a history of these diagnoses.
Conclusions
We identified factors associated with worse mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with pre-existing mental illness, in addition to specific groups potentially at elevated risk of poor mental health during the pandemic.
“…After assessing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 97 papers reporting on 42 trials were included in the narrative synthesis, of which 27 trials were included in the meta-analyses (online supplemental appendix 5). 15 35–130 Online supplemental appendix 3 displays the outcomes and scales reported by each study and those included in the meta-analyses. Online supplemental appendix 6 shows the ongoing studies.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of the 42 trials, 38 were individual RCTs,37 38 44–49 54–77 79–122 124–129 and 4 were cluster RCTs15 35 36 39–43 50–53 78 123 130 (table 2). Thirty-three trials were conducted in HICs44–49 54–67 69–77 79–97 100 103 105–108 111–119 121 122 125 126 128 and eight were conducted in LMICs (Pakistan, Bangladesh, South Africa, Columbia, Jamaica, Brazil, India and Zambia) 15 35–38 41–43 50–53 68 78 96 98 99 101 102 104 109 110 120 123 124 127 129 130…”
ObjectiveTo determine the effect of early childhood development interventions delivered by healthcare providers (HCP-ECD) on child cognition and maternal mental health.DesignSystematic review, meta-analysis.SettingHealthcare setting or home.ParticipantsInfants under 1 month of age.InterventionsHCP-ECD interventions that supported responsive caregiving, early learning and motor stimulation. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Technology Assessment Database, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched until 15 November 2021. Studies reporting prespecified outcomes were pooled using standard meta-analytical methods.Main outcome measuresCognitive development in children at 0–36 months.ResultsForty-two randomised controlled trials with 15 557 infants were included in the narrative synthesis. Twenty-seven trials were included in the meta-analyses. Pooled data from 13 trials suggest that HCP-ECD interventions may improve cognitive outcomes in children between 0 and 36 months (Bayley Scales of Infant Development version IIII (BSID-III) mean difference (MD) 2.65; 95% CI 0.61 to 4.70; 2482 participants; low certainty of evidence). Pooled data from nine trials suggest improvements in motor development (BSID-III MD 4.01; 95% CI 1.54 to 6.48; 1437 participants; low certainty of evidence). There was no evidence of improvement in maternal mental health (standardised MD −0.13; 95% CI −0.28 to 0.03; 2806 participants; 11 trials; low certainty of evidence).ConclusionsWe report promising evidence, particularly for cognitive and motor outcomes, of the effect of HCP-ECD interventions. However, effect sizes were small, and the certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Additional high-quality research is required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019122021.
“…First, pregnant women who missed ultrasound examinations were from poorer households and more frequently smoked. Attrition is a common issue in cohort studies, with a more successful follow-up among better-off and healthier participants (46) . Even though 78 % of those eligible were included in this study and no significant association was observed between UPF consumption and wealth index or smoking, a role for these factors in affecting fetal size is recognised (47) .…”
Periconceptional maternal ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption impairs embryonic growth. Impacts of exposure to UPF on distinct components of foetal growth in late pregnancy are unknown. We investigated the influence of frequency of UPF consumption during pregnancy on foetal head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). This study included 417 live-born singleton pregnancies prospectively followed-up since the antenatal period in the MINA-Brazil Study, with an available ultrasound scan at >24 gestational weeks. Frequency of food groups consumption in the previous month was categorised as no/monthly, weekly, or daily. Ultrasound scans were conducted at 27.8 (SD: 1.7) gestational weeks. HC, AC, and FL z-scores were calculated for gestational age using the INTERGROWTH-21st Project standards. Simultaneous-quantile regression models were fitted at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of the distribution of each ultrasound parameter according to UPF consumption, with adjustment for potential confounders. Participants were aged on average 24.7 (SD: 6.5) years, 44.8% were primiparous, and 26.9% and 24.9%, respectively, had weekly and daily UPF consumption. Compared to no/monthly intake, daily UPF consumption impaired HC across its distribution, with significant effect sizes varying from –0.24 to –0.40 z-score. Weekly UPF consumption decreased HC at the 90th percentile by –0.39 z-score (95% CI: –0.78, –0.01) and FL at the 50th percentile by –0.32 z-score (95% CI: –0.60, –0.04). No association was noted with AC. Frequency of UPF consumption was negatively associated with skeletal components of foetal growth in late pregnancy. Infant body composition may benefit from healthy food practices since pregnancy.
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