Retained Placenta in Cattle - Incidence, Clinical Data and Effects on Fertility

Dyrendahl, I.; Mattson, John S.; Pehrson, B.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1977.tb01603.x

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…A variety of methods have been used in the treatment of bovine RFM, although the efficacy of many of these treatments is questionable. Manual removal of the placenta remains a common practice despite numerous studies that fail to demonstrate a beneficial effect on reproductive performance or milk yield 59–62 . Recent prospective studies comparing manual removal and intrauterine antibiotic therapy along with systemic treatment of febrile cows found no difference in reproductive outcomes when compared with the use of systemic therapy of febrile cows alone 62,63 .…”

Section: Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and Treatment of Retained Fetal Membranes in Cattle

Beagley

Whitman

Baptiste

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

133

106

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Retained fetal membranes (RFM) in cattle have adverse effects on fertility and production. Understanding the pathophysiology and causes of RFM is important for managing this disease. The hormonal processes that lead to normal placental separation are multifactorial and begin before parturition. A variety of risk factors, including early or induced parturition, dystocia, hormonal imbalances, and immunosuppression, can interrupt these normal processes and result in retention of the placenta. Current research does not support the efficacy of many commonly practiced treatments for RFM. Systemic administration of antibiotics can be beneficial for treating metritis after RFM, but antibiotic administration has not been shown to significantly improve future reproduction in cows with RFM. Collagenase injected into the umbilical arteries of retained placentas specifically targets the lack of placentome proteolysis and might enhance placental release. However, such therapy is costly and its benefits in terms of improving subsequent reproductive function have not been evaluated. 6,7 RFM have been associated with increased risk for endometritis, metritis, ketosis, and mastitis. [9][10][11][12] These diseases can in turn lead to decreased fertility 13 and potential losses in milk production. 14 In a meta-analysis of studies analyzing the effects of disease on reproduction, RFM were associated with 2 to 3 more days to 1st service and 4 to 10% lower conception rates at 1st service, resulting in an average of 6 to 12 additional days to conception in cows with RFM versus cows without RFM.3 However, only 5 of the 13 included studies found decreased milk production associated with RFM.15 It should be noted that a variety of factors, including case definitions, other associated diseases, and culling risk, complicate the interpretation of impact of RFM on both reproduction and milk production.Knowledge of the placental anatomy and physiology is helpful to understand causes of RFM and formulate treatment plans accordingly. The following review focuses on the normal placental detachment, causes and risk factors for RFM, and therapeutic options. Physiology of Placental DetachmentCattle have cotyledonary placentas, wherein the fetal cotyledons are attached and envelop the maternal caruncles, forming the placentome. This connection is facilitated by villi from the cotyledons, and microvilli interactions at the cotyledon-caruncle interface. Collagen links the interface together at several sites, and the breakdown of this collagen is likely a key factor in placental separation. 16The normal sequence of events initiating parturition involves fetal cortisol induction of placental enzymes that direct steroid synthesis away from progesterone and toward estrogen. 17 Increased estrogen results both in the upregulation of oxytocin receptors on the myometrium and secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2a).18 Prostaglandin initiates myometrial contractions and results in lysis of the corpus luteum (CL). 19Lysis of the CL leads to secretion of relax...

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Section: Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and Treatment of Retained Fetal Membranes in Cattle

Beagley

Whitman

Baptiste

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

133

106

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“…[14] reported that the prevalence of retained placenta was higher in good condition, lower in fair and other in poor condition cows, respectively. These differences may be due to several risk factors such as uterine contractility, last calving type, body condition during , progesterone and oestrogen imbalance at parturition [6] , difficult delivery, age and parity of the cows [30] and other uterine infections, which predispose the cows to retention of after birth.…”

Section: Retainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Retained Placenta in Relation with Breed, Age, Parity and Body Condition Score of Dairy cows

et al. 2012

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Retained placenta is an economically important reproductive disorder which occurs at the end of the reproductive cycle and has repercussions on the next. The study was conducted a total 1205 dairy cows from 9 upazila and 4 Metro Thana of Rajshahi during the period from July 2010 to June 2011. To evaluate the incidence of retained placenta in relation to breed, age, parity and body condition score of dairy cows. A questionnaire was prepared including information viz. name and address of farmer, breed, age; parity and body condition score for achievement of the study. The overall prevalence of retained placenta was 13.4%. The influencing factors including breed, age, parity, body condition score had significant effect (P<0.05) on retained placenta. The highest prevalence was 10.7%, 4.5%, 5.6% and 7.1% observed in cross-breed, > 3 years age, 1 st parity and fair body condition group of cows, respectively. From this study, it might be concluded that local breed, ≥ 3 years but less than 5 years age group, 3 rd parity had least risk for retained placenta.

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“…Existence of breed effects on retention of placenta studied by other authors. For examples, Dyranduhl et al (1977) found a higher incidence of the retention of after birth in Swedish Red and White than in Swedish Friesian. Saini et al (1988) recorded a higher retention of afterbirth among Temperate X Zebu.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevention of Retained Fetal Membrane by Using Various Drugs Immediately After Parturition in Cows

azad¹,

Rahman²,

Sinha³

et al. 2016

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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The aim of the study was to investigate for the effect of different drugs immediately after parturition on the reduction of retention of placenta in selected cows. One hundred pregnant cows from members of Community Based Dairy Veterinary Foundation, Shikalbaha, Potiya, Chittagong were included in this study belonged to two breeds viz, cross bred and local, aged 3-8 years, calved 1-5 times with BCS 2-3.5. The cows were divided into five groups; group L (n=20) treated with oxytocin 50 iu/intramuscular, group IL (n=20) treated with calcium 400 ml/intravenous, group III: (n=20) treated with methyl ergometrine maleate 20 mg/intramuscular, group IV: (n=20) treated with oxytocin 50 iu/ intramuscular plus calcium 400 ml/ intravenous and group V: (n=20) served as non-treated control. The incidence of retained fetal membrane was 35% in control group, while that of pooled treatment group had 15%. This reduction was significant (P<0.05). In the present study, there was no significant difference among the different treatment groups on the prevention of retention (P>0.05). The incidence of retained fetal membrane was affected by the age and breed of cows (P<0.05). However, this effect was override by treatment and injection of drugs immediately after parturition decreases the incidence of retention of placenta in cows.

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Retained Placenta in Cattle - Incidence, Clinical Data and Effects on Fertility

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Physiology and Treatment of Retained Fetal Membranes in Cattle

Physiology and Treatment of Retained Fetal Membranes in Cattle

Incidence of Retained Placenta in Relation with Breed, Age, Parity and Body Condition Score of Dairy cows

Prevention of Retained Fetal Membrane by Using Various Drugs Immediately After Parturition in Cows

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