Retained Fetal Membranes

Threlfall, W.R.

doi:10.1016/b978-072169323-1.50015-5

Cited by 13 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the placenta is often retained after dystocia, caesarean delivery, prolonged gestation and hydrops conditions, as well as in mares with low serum calcium concentrations, or with low expression of oxytocin receptors in placental tissues (Sevinga et al . ; Threlfall ; O'Brien ; Rapacz‐Leonard et al . ).…”

Section: Retained Placentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine placenta – A clinician's perspective. Part 2: Abnormalities

Pozor

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Any insufficiency of the equine placenta has dramatic effects on the developing equine fetus. Placental abnormalities, such as the separation of the chorioallantois from the maternal endometrium or torsion of the umbilical cord, lead to fetal demise, premature labour or abortion. These conditions are each associated with characteristic lesions on the equine placenta, which can be found during a detailed examination. These findings can be very helpful for diagnosing problems and implementing appropriate treatments for mares and affected newborn foals. Furthermore, the retention of the entire placenta or any small fragment thereof can cause metritis, laminitis and sepsis. The prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment of this condition is necessary to save the mare from becoming seriously ill. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the equine placenta is a crucial element of the post partum evaluation of every brood mare.

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Section: Retained Placentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine placenta – A clinician's perspective. Part 2: Abnormalities

Pozor

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Retained placenta is the most common PP complication in the mare and has been reported to occur between 2% and 10% of births. Antimicrobial treatment is commonly used to prevent metritis, which is a serious complication of RP (Therfall ; Giguère and Afonso ). If the mare is treated early (≤6 h after parturition) with oxytocin (OT) infusions or injections, manual removal and subsequent high‐volume uterine lavage are recommended.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Use In Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the treatment is delayed, the risk of complications increases. Sequelae of RP are metritis and laminitis, rarely septicaemia and death (Therfall ). If the treatment is started late or if OT administrations do not result in the expulsion of the placenta, NSAIDs and antibiotics should be administered.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Use In Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Reproductive Diseases in Cattle and Horses

Pyörälä

Taponen

Katila

2014

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Use of antimicrobials for veterinary indications related to reproduction in cattle and horses is reviewed. Antimicrobial compounds are widely used to treat and prevent infections of reproductive organs. Total amounts of antimicrobials for such purposes, estimated by weight, are low compared with major uses in food animals. The most common reproduction-related indication in cattle is mastitis. The number of intramammary products available for treatment of mastitis in the European Union is high. Metritis and endometritis also require antimicrobial treatment of cattle and specific products for intrauterine administration are available. The traditions and practices associated with the use of these products vary considerably among different countries. Parenteral antimicrobial treatment is used to treat acute clinical mastitis and puerperal metritis. Pharmacological characteristics of the antimicrobial administered parenterally are critical to achieve and maintain therapeutic concentrations in the target organs. In mares, the most common indications associated with reproduction are endometritis, retained placenta and placentitis. The number of authorized antimicrobial products for horses is limited. Horses are treated individually and off-label use of antimicrobials is very common. In veterinary indications related to reproduction, treatment practices exist that cannot be considered to be evidence-based or responsible use of antimicrobials. Not all products for local treatment have proven efficacy data. Examples of unnecessary uses are routine treatment of cows with retained placenta and use of post-breeding antibiotic treatments in mares.

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“…Retained fetal membranes (RFM) are the most frequently occurring post‐partum condition of the mare encountered in clinical practise (Threlfall ). The condition is defined as the retention, complete or partial, of the allantochorionic membrane for an extended period of time following expulsion of the foal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manual removal as an intervention for the treatment of RFM remains controversial due to the perceived risks and potential negative effects on future fertility. The commonly cited immediate risks of manual removal include severe haemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, intussusception of the uterine horn and uterine prolapse (Threlfall ). It is reported that manual removal of FM may also have a negative impact on fertility by causing delayed uterine involution, the cervix to remain open longer post foaling (Vandeplassche et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%