Retail market policy for distribution systems in presence of DERs and microgrids: comparison of sequential and simultaneous settlement of energy and reactive power markets

Homaee, Omid; Zakariazadeh, Alireza; Jadid, Shahram

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6407

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Details of transformation are presented in Appendix. Theorem 3.2: Consider voltage and frequency dynamic equations of DERs, using the controller which is presented in (15), simultaneously distributed leader-follower fault detection and fault tolerant control can be achieved, if for i = 1, ..., n the MOO problem formulated in (12) with the appropriate dimension variables and matrices is satisfied. Due to the similarity with Theorem 3.1, the details and proof of the theorem have been omitted.…”

Section: B Robust Distributed Fault-tolerant Control Of Voltage and Frequency Of Mgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The secondary layer should compensate for the steadystate errors of frequency and voltage due to the primary control [12], [13]. In contrast, the tertiary control level's main task is power flow optimization and unit commitment [14], [15]. Lately, various features of distributed secondary control of MG such as fixed-time communication delays [16], event-triggered control [17], nonuniform timevarying communication delays [18], resiliency to relative state-dependent noises [19], resiliency to uncertain communications [20], resilient synchronization of voltage/frequency under deception attacks [21], the resilient H ∞ consensusbased control for uncertain time-delayed communication [13] have been addressed in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fault-Tolerant, Distributed Control for Emerging, VSC-Based, Islanded Microgrids—An Approach Based on Simultaneous Passive Fault Detection

et al. 2022

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This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control and a robust, distributed, simultaneous, passive fault detection and isolation (or FDI) for islanded ac microgrids (MGs), including heterogeneous distributed generations and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Disturbances and both actuator and sensor faults are considered in this paper to design a robust distributed control. The nature of the considered faults is general to deal with any sources, e.g., cyber threats (in the form of data integrity attacks) and sensor issues. In this regard, a mixed H ∞ /H − formulation is introduced in order to detect and eliminate the undesirable effects of the aforementioned defected components simultaneously, thereby achieving robust performance. Besides, sufficient conditions based on extended linear matrix inequality (also known as LMI) are outlined. Voltage and frequency regulation, active power-sharing, and the state of charge balance of BESSs under faulty conditions are investigated. Different scenarios are tested on a detailed model of a test MG system. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme on mitigating the impacts of faults and disturbances on the distributed energy resources' (DERs') performance is evaluated through comprehensive and comparative simulations based on MATLAB/Simulink. Moreover, experimental studies are conducted in order to validate the results in the corresponding practical scenarios.INDEX TERMS Distributed control, fault-tolerant, fault detection and isolation, linear matrix inequality, islanded microgrid, mixed H ∞ /H − optimization, voltage-source converter (VSC).

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Section: B Robust Distributed Fault-tolerant Control Of Voltage and Frequency Of Mgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault-Tolerant, Distributed Control for Emerging, VSC-Based, Islanded Microgrids—An Approach Based on Simultaneous Passive Fault Detection

et al. 2022

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“…The survey in [16] presents a review of both LOC-based and OPF-based methods for reactive power pricing schemes. These can loosely be distinguished into three categories as described in [17] based on the relationship between real and reactive power pricing. The first category includes the cost-based methods mentioned above that keep reactive power as an independent ancillary service.…”

Section: Technical Solutions For Reactive-power Pricingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second category proposed in [17] includes a hierarchical approach where the first step is the clearing of a real power market followed by a reactive power market. These solutions leverage the advantages of decoupled dynamics leading to simple market-based approaches.…”

Section: Technical Solutions For Reactive-power Pricingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reactive Power Market for the Future Grid

Potter¹,

Haider²,

Ferro³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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As pressures to decarbonize the electricity grid increase, the grid edge is witnessing a rapid adoption of distributed and renewable generation. As a result, traditional methods for reactive power management and compensation may become ineffective. Current state of art for reactive power compensation, which rely primarily on capacity payments, exclude distributed generation (DG). We propose an alternative: a reactive power market at the distribution level. The proposed market uses variable payments to compensate DGs equipped with smart inverters, at an increased spatial and temporal granularity, through a distribution-level Locational Marginal Price (d-LMP). We validate our proposed market with a case study of the New England grid on a modified IEEE-123 bus, while varying DG penetration from 5% to 160%. Results show that our market can accommodate such a large penetration, with stable reactive power revenue streams. The market can leverage the considerable flexibility afforded by inverter-based resources to meet over 40% of reactive power load when operating in a power factor range of 0.6 to 0.95. DGs participating in the market can earn up to 11% of their total revenue from reactive power payments. Finally, the corresponding daily d-LMPs determined from the proposed market were observed to exhibit limited volatility.Keywordsreactive power, power distribution economics, power quality, distribution level market, optimal power flow I. INTRODUCTION W ITH a growing demand for zero-carbon generation in the electricity sector comes an increase in grid-edge distributed energy resources (DERs), and in particular, distributed generation (DGs). The increasing penetration of these small-scale resources disrupts the existing industry practice for power dispatch, device control, and market compensation mechanisms. Traditionally, large controllable generators at the transmission level have been responsible for maintaining grid stability and power quality; however new strategies are required for the emerging grid. While recent efforts such as the FERC Order 2222 [1] indicate a move towards accommodation of DERs, new electricity market structures are needed in order to fully embrace their high penetration and lead to a feasible framework for their integration even while preserving grid stability and power quality. This paper proposes one such market structure, with a focus on a reactive power market at the distribution level.Reactive power is intimately connected with power quality, and its regulation is achieved in the transmission grid by altering the power factors (PFs) of large synchronous generators. The outputs of these generators are easily controllable thus

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Adaptive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control of Microgrid Based on Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Observer

Wu,

Zhang

2024

J. Electr. Eng. Technol.

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Retail market policy for distribution systems in presence of DERs and microgrids: comparison of sequential and simultaneous settlement of energy and reactive power markets

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Fault-Tolerant, Distributed Control for Emerging, VSC-Based, Islanded Microgrids—An Approach Based on Simultaneous Passive Fault Detection

Fault-Tolerant, Distributed Control for Emerging, VSC-Based, Islanded Microgrids—An Approach Based on Simultaneous Passive Fault Detection

A Reactive Power Market for the Future Grid

Adaptive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control of Microgrid Based on Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Observer

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