Resveratrol Protects against Restraint Stress Effects on Stomach and Spleen in Adult Male Mice

Abstract

Simple SummaryThe current project was designed to examine the effects of restraint stress on body weights, food and water consumption, and pathophysiology of the stomach and spleen in adult mice, and potential roles of the phenolic compound resveratrol during treatment. We found that restraint stress (which is known to be a mixture of psychologic and physical stress) caused a reduction in body weight, food and water consumption, and morphologic changes in the stomach and spleen, which could lead to gastritis or ulcers and splenomegaly, while treatment with resveratrol prevented the negative alterations to the stomach and spleen.AbstractThe objectives were to investigate whether restraint stress (which is known as a mixture of psychologic and physical stress) exerts negative effects on the stomach and spleen, and whether the phenolic compound resveratrol (RES) exerts any protective roles. Fifty adult male mice were divided into five groups, with 10 mice per group as follows: control (C), restraint stress (RS), RS with vehicle (RS + V), RS with 2 mg/kg of resveratrol (RS + 2 mg RES), and RS with 20 mg/kg of resveratrol (RS + 20 mg RES). Mice were restrained in conical centrifuge tubes for 4 h daily to establish the RS model. RS + 2 mg RES, RS + 20 mg RES, and RS + V groups were given an oral dose of resveratrol or vehicle for 15 consecutive days, while the control group was not exposed to restraint stress. Herein, we showed that restraint stress decreased body weight and food and water consumption in stressed groups RS and RS + V compared to controls, while the groups treated with resveratrol showed improvements. Moreover, restraint stress caused acute damage to the morphology of gastric cells and reduced the quantitative distribution of parietal cells along with their decreased size and diameter, pointing to gastritis or ulcer. Furthermore, the antibody against the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was highly attached in the RS groups. Splenic size, weight, and length were also greatly augmented in the stressed groups compared to the controls, while these phenomena were not observed in the RS + 2 mg RES group. Our findings proved significant ameliorating effects of resveratrol against restraint stress in adult male mice.

Hydrangea macrophylla and Thunberginol C Attenuate Stress-Induced Anxiety in Mice

“…Previous reports indicated that corticosterone activated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) through suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling, in turn suppressed LTP in the hippocampus [ 30 , 31 ]. Therefore, to test if Akt signaling is involved in the effect of HM, we utilized LY294002, a PI3K/Akt signaling inhibitor.…”

“…However, the exact mechanism of how GR activation regulates synaptic function is still not clear. Several studies report that signaling mechanisms such as caspase-3, Akt, and GSK-3 are involved in the negative role of corticosterone [ 30 , 47 ]. In this study, it was confirmed that prolonged restraint stress increased blood corticosterone, and it was confirmed that HM and thunberginol C inhibit corticosterone-induced neuronal death.…”

Corticosterone Injection Impairs Follicular Development, Ovulation and Steroidogenesis Capacity in Mice Ovary

“…For instance, the chronic restraint stress model is one that has been widely used. However, these models have some defects, including subjectivity, complexity in influencing factors, large variability, and being time-consuming and laborious in operation [30]. In addition, a chronic mild stress (CMS) model is also widely used in simulated stress tests.…”

Positive Roles of Resveratrol in Early Development of Testicular Germ Cells against Maternal Restraint Stress in Mice

“…Resveratrol (Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO, USA) was diluted to 5% in the vehicle (CMC, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) [33,34]. The Beijing Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology (China) supplied sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with trans-resveratrol for oral gavage at 0.5% in CMC.…”