Resveratrol Modulates the Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, 5-HT, and Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that has anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties against stress condition. It is reported that resveratrol has beneficial functions in various metabolic and central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, depression, and dementia. Recently, many researchers have emphasized the connection between the brain and gut, called the gut–brain axis, for treating both CNS neuropathologies and gastrointestinal diseases. Based on previous findings, resveratrol is involved in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secreted by intestine L cells, the patterns of microbiome in the intestine, the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level, and CNS inflammation. Here, we review recent evidences concerning the relevance and regulatory function of resveratrol in the gut–brain axis from various perspectives. Here, we highlight the necessity for further study on resveratrol's specific mechanism in the gut–brain axis. We present the potential of resveratrol as a natural therapeutic substance for treating both neuropathology and gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Potential Therapeutic Targeting Neurotransmitter Receptors in Diabetes

“…It is not surprising that some medicines for the digestive system also influence the metabolic system ( 122 ). Supplementation with GABA or glycine or the consumption of natural products such as resveratrol, which can influence GLP-1 and 5-HT levels in the peripheral and brain-gut axes, are beneficial to glucose homeostasis and could lower oxidative stress ( 32 , 54 , 227 ). Except for GLP-1, GABA and 5-HT, the intestine secretes dozens of other hormones that probably interact with the CNS to regulate glucose homeostasis, such as GIP, CCK, ghrelin, and peptide YY.…”

Maintaining the Balance of Intestinal Flora through the Diet: Effective Prevention of Illness

“…As a signaling molecule, SCFAs are absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells and bind to two G protein-coupled receptors. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion, can regulate intestinal permeability, promote intestinal peristalsis, and reduce the absorption time of food energy substances in the 5-hydroxytryptamine [70]. The circulating SCFAs are converted into hormones, interleukin, 5-HT, GABA, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1), and peptide tyrosine (PYY) by the immune system, hepatopancreatic portal system, and adipose tissue [71]; break through the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system; and play a broad regulatory role on the body through the influence of the gut-brain axis (Figure 2).…”

Polyphenols of the Mediterranean Diet and Their Metabolites in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

“…The term psychobiome takes into account the intestinal microbiota by considering its capacity for endocrine substances intervening at the level of several pathways involved in the modulation of neuro-inflammation and in the production of several neurotransmitter precursors [175]. In the context of polyphenol-microbiota interactions, beneficial effects of quercetin as well as curcumin [173], resveratrol [176], and EGCG [41] have been shown. The prevention of anxiety by polyphenols could be beneficial for cancer patients, particularly those with CRC, by providing better psychological support for restrictive therapies.…”