Resveratrol metabolite profiling in clinical nutrition research—from diet to uncovering disease risk biomarkers: epidemiological evidence

Abstract

Resveratrol is a bioactive plant compound that has drawn scientist and media attention due to its protective effects against a wide variety of illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In the last two decades, a plethora of preclinical studies have shown these beneficial effects, and some of them have been supported by clinical trials.However, there are few epidemiological studies assessing these relationships, showing mostly inconsistent results between them. This could be partially due to difficulty of accurately estimating dietary resveratrol exposure. The development of PhenolExplorer, a database containing resveratrol food composition data, will facilitate the estimation of resveratrol intake. Moreover, the discovery and validation of a nutritional biomarker of this exposure, urinary resveratrol metabolite profile, will allow a more accurate assessment of dietary resveratrol exposure. Few epidemiological studies have assessed the potential health effects of resveratrol. Resveratrol was not associated with total mortality, cancer or cardiovascular events; but it was associated with the improvement of serum glucose and triglyceride levels, and the decrease of heart-rate.Together, these findings suggest a potential cardioprotective effect of resveratrol in epidemiological studies, although the evidence is still scarce.

Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in diabetic cardiomyopathy

“…Resveratrol reduces blood levels of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity and cardiac function in patients with heart failure 86 . Although resveratrol is associated with improved glycaemia, triglyceride levels and heart rate, resveratrol is not associated with prevention of total mortality, cancer or cardiovascular events 87 . Ranolazine, a potent late Na + current inhibitor, might normalize altered cardiomyocyte intracellular Ca 2+ concentration due to the close relationship between Na + and Ca 2+ handling by the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger 88 .…”

Diabetic cardiomyopathy: where we are and where we are going

“…Although resveratrol is associated with improved triglyceride levels, heart rate, and glycemia, it does not prevent cardiovascular- or cancer-, or all-cause mortality [129]. …”

Resveratrol and inflammatory bowel disease

“…Nearly three‐fourths of the metabolites of resveratrol are excreted in urine and feces, and the maximum concentration in urine occurs 30–60 min after dietary doses in humans . Resveratrol is mainly converted to resveratrol‐3‐ O ‐sulfate, resveratrol‐3‐ O ‐glucuronide, and resveratrol‐4′‐ O ‐glucuronide in intestinal cells and plasma . Among them, resveratrol‐3‐ O ‐sulfate is quickly enriched, indicating that sulfation could be the major rate‐limiting step in resveratrol bioavailability.…”