Resveratrol induced inhibition of Escherichia coli proceeds via membrane oxidation and independent of diffusible reactive oxygen species generation

Abstract

Resveratrol (5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol), a redox active phytoalexin with a large number of beneficial activities is also known for antibacterial property. However the mechanism of action of resveratrol against bacteria remains unknown. Due to its extensive redox property it was envisaged if reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by resveratrol could be a reason behind its antibacterial activity. Employing Escherichia coli as a model organism we have evaluated the role of diffusible reactive oxygen species in the events leading to inhibition of this organism by resveratrol. Evidence for the role of ROS in E. coli treated with resveratrol was investigated by direct quantification of ROS by flow cytometry, supplementation with ROS scavengers, depletion of intracellular glutathione, employing mutants devoid of enzymatic antioxidant defences, induction of adaptive response prior to resveratrol challenge and monitoring oxidative stress response elements oxyR, soxS and soxR upon resveratrol treatment. Resveratrol treatment did not result in scavengable ROS generation in E. coli cells. However, evidence towards membrane damage was obtained by potassium leakage (atomic absorption spectrometry) and propidium iodide uptake (flow cytometry and microscopy) as an early event. Based on the comprehensive evidences this study concludes for the first time the antibacterial property of resveratrol against E. coli does not progress via the diffusible ROS but is mediated by site-specific oxidative damage to the cell membrane as the primary event.

Activating sodium alginate‐based edible coating using a dietary supplement for increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C)

“…The antimicrobial effects of sodium alginate/carboxyl methyl cellulose composite coating against Escherichia coli O157:H7, the main member of Enterobacteriaceae, inoculated in refrigerated silver carp fillet were reported by Jalali, Ariiai, and Fattahi () Decreased inoculated Salmonella entritidis counts, a member of Enterobacteriaceae, in alginate‐coated fresh‐cut melon were higher than that observed in non‐coated melon in refrigerated storage (Raybaudi‐Massilia, Mosqueda‐Melgar, & Martin‐Belloso, ). Subramanian et al () reported the antibacterial activity of RE against E. coli . They reported inhibiting E. coli by RE, mediated by site‐specific oxidative damage to the cell membrane as the primary event.…”

“…The antimicrobial activity of RE could result for its deleterious effects on the bacterial cell membrane, inducing the loss of intracellular contents and completing cell destruction. Several studies showed the detrimental effect of RE on the bacterial membrane including oxidative damage to the cell membrane, loss of membrane integrity, and morphology (Bajpai, Sharma, & Baek, 2014;Subramanian, Goswami, Chakraborty, & Jawali, 2014;Taylor, Yu, Champer, & Kim, 2014).…”

Therapeutic Role of Resveratrol and Piceatannol in Disease Prevention

“…It inhibits the growth of some pathogenic microorganism such as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi like Aspergillus niger, Helicobacter pylori, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [13]. It inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli via site-specific oxidative damage to the cell membrane [14]. Resveratrol is a potent antimicrobial agent and may be used in future for the treatment of infections caused by certain pathogens [22,23].…”

“…Anticancer Present Present Antileukaemic Present Present Table 1: Similar biological activities of resveratrol and piceatannol [11,[14][15][16][17][18][19]29,32,33,36].…”

Zinc mediates resuscitation of lactic acid‐injuredEscherichia coliby relieving oxidative stress

“…ROS can damage vital molecules such as DNA, proteins and membranes. It can also alter the redox status inside cells, leading to pleiotropic effects (Kohanski et al 2010;Subramanian et al 2014).…”