Resveratrol exhibits an effect on attenuating retina inflammatory condition and damage of diabetic retinopathy via PON1

Update on the Effects of Antioxidants on Diabetic Retinopathy: In Vitro Experiments, Animal Studies and Clinical Trials

“…There is an increasing body of evidence about the role of antioxidants in the control of diabetic retinopathy in animal models ( Table 2 ) [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , …”

“…A daily dose of Resveratrol suppresses endothelial nitric oxide synthase production [ 89 ], the expression of oxidative biomarkers and superoxide dismutase capacity in the retina and blood of diabetic rats [ 90 ]. Furthermore, it improves the expression of the PON1 gene that regulates inflammatory response and microvascular complications in diabetes [ 91 ] and can restore the transcription of the proteins of the retinoic acid metabolism pathway [ 92 ]. Resveratrol coated gold nanoparticles redevelop the equilibrium between the stimulators and inhibitors of antiangiogenesis, increasing the retinal expression of PEDF and decreasing VEGF-1.…”

Food Supplements in the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

“…In fact, oral resveratrol treatment -via induction of PON1 in the retina -blunted the increased retinal vascular permeability, pro-apoptotic caspase-3 activity, retinal damage, as well as clearly showed an inhibitory effect on inflammatory markers, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, VEGF, IFN-γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Therefore, these data suggest that PON1 induction by resveratrol in the retina may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent the progression of diabetes-related retinopathy [344]. Curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) is another non-flavonoid polyphenol extracted from the root of Curcuma longa and exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, which include antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, antimicrobial and anticancer activities.…”

Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

“…Focusing mainly on DR, resveratrol has a protective role involving OS-induced apoptosis by reducing intracellular ROS through the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway [175] and, like the other polyphenols, is as an activator of Nrf2 [173]. In in vitro studies with human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells), resveratrol showed an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 [176], and in preclinical studies, resveratrol also inhibited VEGF through yet another pathway, by increasing the activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) which is involved in protecting endothelial cells [177] and inhibiting the VEGF expression [178]. Unlike other nutraceuticals, resveratrol exhibits a biological property to act on a more directed manner against apoptosis, mainly on Müller cells by upregulating the microRNA-29b, and so downregulating specific protein 1 expression [179] and directly inhibiting caspase-8 and caspase-3 as seen in Figure 2 [180].…”