Resveratrol Attenuates Diquat-Induced Oxidative Stress by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolome Characteristics in Piglets

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that dietary resveratrol (RES) reduces diarrhea and attenuates oxidative stress in piglets challenged with diquat. However, the effect of dietary resveratrol on the gut microbiota of these piglets, as well as the potential relationships between intestinal microflora and metabolites, remain unclear. Here, 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and metabolome analyses were performed to investigate the effect of RES on the gut microbiota and metabolome of diquat-challenged piglets. A total of 18 weaned piglets (aged 28 ± 2 days) were divided into the control group (basal diet), diquat group (basal diet + diquat challenge), and RES group (basal diet containing 90 mg/kg RES + diquat challenge). Compared with the control group, piglets in the diquat group showed enriched relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, and members of the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. Noteworthy, RES supplementation significantly reduced the levels of these microorganisms. In contrast, the relative abundance of some beneficial bacterial species in the RES group, such as the genera Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Lachnospiraceae unclassified were significantly higher than in the diquat and control groups. Metabolomic analysis indicated that some metabolites, including indole-3-carbinol, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, and uridine, were significantly upregulated upon RES supplementation. In particular, the relative abundance of uridine, indole, and alpha- and beta-dihydroresveratrol was significantly higher in the RES group than in the control group. Moreover, most gut bacterial genera were found to be highly correlated with altered gut microbiota-related metabolites. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with resveratrol may alter the composition and metabolites of colonic microbiota in diquat-challenged piglets, which provides important insights into the use of resveratrol as a feed additive for gut microbial regulation in piglets with inflammatory and oxidative stress-associated disorders.

Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, and Fecal Microflora in Weaned Piglets

“…In addition, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was reported to produce VFAs using mucus-derived sugars as an energy source and promote intestinal mucus barrier adhesion to pathogens [50]. Moreover, Fu et al [51] found the abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 significantly increased in the resveratrol group. Through correlation analysis, Zhou et al [52] showed the elevated relative abundances of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in cecum contents were negatively correlated with the level of inflammatory factors IL-12, IL-6, and IFN-γ.…”

Gut microbiome-produced metabolites in pigs: a review on their biological functions and the influence of probiotics

“…Liang et al reported that L-tryptophan supplementation improved the intestinal mucosal barrier of weaned pigs by upregulating ZO-1, ZO-3, and claudin-1, which were linked to the increased population of tryptophan-fermenting commensal bacteria Clostridium and Lactobacillus [150]. Indole and its derivatives also attenuate oxidative stress in diquat-treated pigs, as reported by Fu et al [96]. On the other hand, skatole, like indole, is also a product of microbial fermentation of tryptophan and is associated with the occurrence of undesirable odor and meat taste called 'boar-taint' in barrows [97,98].…”

Artificial rearing alters intestinal microbiota and induces inflammatory response in piglets

“…Faecalibacterium , Escherichia-Shigella , Subdoligranulum , and Prevotella increased significantly in the AR7 group. Fu et al (2021) reported that the rise in Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 was correlated with intestinal inflammation and injury in piglets. Muribaculaceae was capable of degrading carbohydrates ( Wang et al, 2020 ).…”