Resveratrol: A potential therapeutic natural polyphenol for neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction

Abstract

Most polyphenols can cross blood-brain barrier, therefore, they are widely utilized in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol contained in blueberry, grapes, mulberry, etc., is well documented to exhibit potent neuroprotective activity against different ND by mitochondria modulation approach. Mitochondrial function impairment is the most common etiology and pathological process in various neurodegenerative disorders, viz. Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nowadays these ND associated with mitochondrial dysfunction have become a major threat to public health as well as health care systems in terms of financial burden. Currently available therapies for ND are limited to symptomatic cures and have inevitable toxic effects. Therefore, there is a strict requirement for a safe and highly effective drug treatment developed from natural compounds. The current review provides updated information about the potential of resveratrol to target mitochondria in the treatment of ND.

Resveratrol Mitigates Diabetic Testicular Dysfunction, Endocrine Deficits, and Insulin Resistance via Suppression of Sperm-Endocrine Aberrations and Oxidative Inflammation in Rats

“…Thus, it can be concluded that the induced inflammation was associated with DM oxidative stress in the testicular tissue. RSV is a bioactive antioxidant polyphenol and its potency to combat oxidative stress has been documented [19][20][21][22]. We confirm in this study of the antioxidant prowess of RSV in that it significantly elevated the SOD, CAT, and GPx activities in comparison to DM group rats.…”

“…Reproductive damage is a debilitating complication of DM. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol associated with health-promoting effects in both animals and humans [22]. In the present study, we have reported the effect of RSV on DM-induced testicular damage and endocrine dysfunction.…”

“…Resveratrol (RSV) is abundant in grape, grape juice, peanuts, wine, mulberries, and blackcurrants [19]. Among many stilbene compounds, RSV has distinctively demonstrated several beneficial biological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anticancer, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects in various models as well as mitigation against diabetic nephropathy and organ toxicities [14,[19][20][21][22]. Although there are reports that RSV may improve glucose homeostasis and reverse insulin resistance in DM, the reported data are inconsistent [23].…”

A Novel Resveratrol-Induced Pathway Increases Neuron-Derived Cell Resilience against Oxidative Stress

“…Among those, the direct non-enzymatic antioxidant ability of Res has been hailed as responsible for the neuroprotective effects of this stilbene. Moreover, Res has been reported to increase the activity of SIRT1, acting as a protective molecule against mitochondrial dysfunctions [ 11 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Finally, the interaction of Res with estrogen receptors has also been demonstrated.…”

“…Here we hypothesize that ERβ selective ligands, which overcome ERα activation, could increase NGB levels maintaining their protective effects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Two different molecules have been taken into consideration: the diarylpropionitrile (DPN), a synthetic and specific ERβ ligand, and resveratrol (3,5,4′-trans-trihydroxystilbene) (Res), a stilbene family member further identified as a phytoalexin, present in plants such as grape skin, cocoa, various berries and peanuts [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”