Resurgence of Infant Caregiving Responses

Bruzek, Jennifer L.; Thompson, Rachel H.; Peters, Lindsay C.

doi:10.1901/jeab.2009-92-327

Cited by 80 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This phenomenon is known as behavioral resurgence (e.g., Cleland, Foster, & Temple, 2000;Epstein, 1983Epstein, , 1985Reed & Morgan, 2006, and it has been demonstrated to occur in human participants (see Bruzek, Thompson, & Peters, 2009;Doughty, Cash, Finch, Holloway, & Wallington, 2010;Pettenger, Pavlik, Flora, & Kontos, 1988;Reed & Clark, 2011;Sajwah, Twardosz, & Burke, 1972). Resurgent responses sometimes have proven to be useful, for example, in problem-solving responses; if one response fails, it often is useful to revert to previously successful responses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mindfulness on extinction and behavioral resurgence

et al. 2012

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In the present experiments, we investigated the effects of mindfulness on behavioral extinction and resurgence. Participants received instrumental training; either they received FI training (Experiment 1), or they were trained to emit high rates and low rates of response via exposure to a multiple VR yoked-VI schedule prior to exposure to a multiple FI FI schedule in order to alter their rates of responding learned during Experiment 2. Participants were then exposed to either a focused-(mindfulness) or an unfocused-attention induction task. All participants were finally exposed to an extinction schedule in order to determine whether a mindfulness induction task presented immediately prior to extinction training affected extinction (Experiment 1) and behavioral resurgence (Experiment 2). During the extinction phase, the rates of responding were higher in the control group than in the mindfulness group, indicating that the mindfulness group was more sensitive to the contingencies and, thus, their prior performance extinguished more readily (Experiment 1). Moreover, rates of response in the extinction components less precisely reflected previous training in the mindfulness group, suggesting less resurgence of past behaviors after the mindfulness induction (Experiment 2).Keywords Operant conditioning . Schedule of reinforcement . Human learning Human behavior maintained by schedules of reinforcement has sometimes been found to be insensitive to the contingencies that are in operation, and this finding is sometimes related to behavior being under the control of previously established verbal rules, rather than the currently operating reinforcement contingencies themselves (e.g

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mindfulness on extinction and behavioral resurgence

et al. 2012

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“…The generality of laboratory animal research findings has been supported by research examining resurgence in children with intellectual or developmental disabilities (e.g., Volkert et al, 2009, Wacker et al, 2011; Wacker et al, 2013), and in typically functioning adult participants (e.g., Dixon & Hayes, 1998; Doughty, Cash, Finch, Holloway, & Wallington, 2010; Doughty, Kastner, & Bismark, 2011; Bruzek, Thompson, & Peters, 2009; Mechner, Hyten, Field, & Madden, 1997; Wilson & Hayes, 1996). For example, research with laboratory animals has shown increased time in extinction plus alternative reinforcement may decrease subsequent resurgence (Leitenberg et al, 1975, Experiment 4; Sweeney & Shahan, 2013a; but see Winterbauer et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Similarly, researchers examining the resurgence of problem behavior following alternative reinforcement treatment in children with intellectual disabilities found an overall decrease in resurgence as function of increased exposure to extinction plus alternative reinforcement treatment (Wacker et al 2011). Another commonality is that increased length of baseline reinforcement is related to more robust resurgence in both animal research (Winterbauer et al, 2013) and in laboratory research with typically functioning adult humans (Bruzek et al, 2009; Doughty et al, 2011). The general agreement of animal and human resurgence findings is promising for future translational research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resurgence of target responding does not exceed increases in inactive responding in a forced-choice alternative reinforcement procedure in humans

Sweeney

Shahan

2016

Behavioural Processes

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Resurgence following removal of alternative reinforcement has been studied in non-human animals, children with developmental disabilities, and typically functioning adults. Adult human laboratory studies have included responses without a controlled history of reinforcement, included only two response options, or involved extensive training. Arbitrary responses allow for control over history of reinforcement. Including an inactive response never associated with reinforcement allows the conclusion that resurgence exceeds extinction-induced variability. Although procedures with extensive training produce reliable resurgence, a brief procedure with the same experimental control would allow more efficient examination of resurgence in adult humans. We tested the acceptability of a brief, single-session, three-alternative forced-choice procedure as a model of resurgence in undergraduates. Selecting a shape was the target response (reinforced in Phase I), selecting another shape was the alternative response (reinforced in Phase II), and selecting a third shape was never reinforced. Despite manipulating number of trials and probability of reinforcement, resurgence of the target response did not consistently exceed increases in the inactive response. Our findings reiterate the importance of an inactive control response and call for reexamination of resurgence studies using only two response options. We discuss potential approaches to generate an acceptable, brief human laboratory resurgence procedure.

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“…; (3) If resurgence is the reappearance of a previously reinforced sequence that is later extinguished, which role would the reinforcement of S1 play if sequences never reinforced can be induced in greater magnitude than S1 itself? These questions require methodological refinement in resurgence studies (i.e., the measurement of control responses, as was done by some authors such as Bachá-Méndez et al, 2007;Bishop, 2008;Bruzek et al, 2009;Reed & Morgan, 2006;Sanchéz-Carrasco & Nieto, 2005;Sweeney & Shahan, 2013;Villas-Bôas, 2006) as well as a conceptual review of resurgence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, in the Testing Phase R2, as well as R1, produces no reinforcer. The reappearance of R1, despite the absence of programmed reinforcers, characterizes resurgence (Bruzek, Thompson & Peters, 2009;Epstein, 1985;Sweeney & Shahan, 2016). Variations of this procedure have shown that resurgence occurs not only when R2 is extinguished, but also when there is a reduction in the frequency (Lieving & Lattal, 2003) and delay (Jarmolowicz & Lattal, 2014) of reinforcers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaparecimento de sequências com diferentes números de respostas em contextos de extinção e de variação

Abreu‐Rodrigues

2016

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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-The reappearance of a response previously extinguished when an alternative response no longer produces reinforcers is called resurgence. The effects of three variables on the reappearance of response sequences -sequence probability (high and low), context of test (extinction and operant variation) and number of responses per sequence (three and five responses) -were investigated. Sequences with high probability reappeared more often than sequences with low probability, the reappearance of the target sequence was more frequent under extinction than under variation, and the reappearance of the target sequence varied inversely with the number of responses by sequence. The reappearance of the target sequence was not conceptualized as resurgence because its frequency was lower than that of the control sequences.Keywords: resurgence, sequence probability, context of test, number of responses per sequence, humans. Reaparecimento de Sequências com Diferentes Números de Respostas em Contextos de Extinção e de VariaçãoRESUMO -O reaparecimento de uma resposta previamente extinta quando os reforços para uma resposta alternativa são descontinuados é denominado ressurgência. Foram investigados os efeitos de três variáveis sobre o reaparecimento de sequências de respostas: probabilidade da sequência (alta e baixa), contexto de teste (extinção e variação operante) e número de respostas por sequência (três e cinco). Sequências muito prováveis reapareceram mais frequentemente que sequências pouco prováveis; o reaparecimento da sequência alvo foi mais frequente no contexto de extinção do que de variação; e o reaparecimento da sequência alvo variou inversamente ao número de respostas por sequência. O reaparecimento da sequência alvo, entretanto, não foi conceitualizado como ressurgência, uma vez que sua frequência foi menor que a das sequências controle.Palavras-chave: ressurgência, probabilidade da sequência, contexto de teste, número de respostas por sequência, humanos.

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Resurgence of Infant Caregiving Responses

Cited by 80 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of mindfulness on extinction and behavioral resurgence

The effect of mindfulness on extinction and behavioral resurgence

Resurgence of target responding does not exceed increases in inactive responding in a forced-choice alternative reinforcement procedure in humans

Reaparecimento de sequências com diferentes números de respostas em contextos de extinção e de variação

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