Results of tensile, hardness and bend tests of modified 9Cr 1Mo steel welds: Comparison between cold wire and hot wire gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) processes

Pai, Aravinda; Sogalad, Irappa; Basavarajappa, S.; Kumar, Prabhat

doi:10.1016/j.ijpvp.2018.12.002

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The effect of these process parameters also had an influence on the bead geometry and the major changes in the shape were mainly due to the variation in temperature distribution (Kannan et al ., 2018). Hot wire would produce improved bead profile and also improved production rate in comparison with cold wire (Pai et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting hot wire tungsten inert gas welding parameters for joining P91 and 304HCu steel using multi-optimization techniques

Sravan

Rajakumar

Rajagopalan³

et al. 2023

MMMS

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PurposeDissimilar joining of austenitic stainless steels and ferritic steels is a challenging task and has a wide range of applications due to its excellent mechanical and thermal characteristics. They are joined mostly by using conventional modes. In the current investigation, the study and optimization of hot wire TIG welding parameters was carried out.Design/methodology/approachThese parameters will govern the desired characteristics of the joint. Solutions were found out through multi-response optimization by using response surface methodology and single response optimization using particle swarm optimization.FindingsOptimized input welding parameters that were achieved are electrode current 180 amps, wire feed rate 1870 mm/min and hot wire current 98 amps and the optimized UTS is 665.45 MPa. The results from PSO were compared with RSM and the optimized input welding parameters for the electrode current, hot wire current and wire feed rate exhibited maximum ultimate tensile strength which were also confirmed from response and contour plots.Originality/valueSensitivity analysis was also performed to understand the effect of each individual parameters on the response. Microstructure features were evaluated for the joints and was found that the characteristics are within the desired criteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting hot wire tungsten inert gas welding parameters for joining P91 and 304HCu steel using multi-optimization techniques

Sravan

Rajakumar

Rajagopalan³

et al. 2023

MMMS

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“…Cao et al 29 demonstrated to arrest the arc deflection using an externally heated hot wire on a conduction tube during welding of A106 steel pipes having a thickness of 8.1 mm. Pai et al 30 applied both hot wire and cold wire methods to join 9Cr 1Mo steel and reported an increase in production rate and weld quality using preheated filler wire. Voigt et al 31 constructed an induction coil of a new kind to preheat the filler wire and demonstrated stable arc to join mild steel plates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hot wire feed rate on microstructural evolution and mechanical strength of pure nickel tubes joined using gas tungsten arc welding

Dinaharan

Palanivel

Alswat

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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Industries increasingly pay attention to hot wire assisted gas tungsten arc welding (HWGTAW) in the present decade for joining several materials. Limited works were reported on HWGTAW of nickel and its alloys. In this investigation, HWGTAW was applied to weld pure nickel tubes (Ni 200 grade) having a thickness of 4 mm and an outer diameter of 44 mm. Joints were fabricated by varying the wire feed rate (1100–2400 mm/min in the interval of 300 mm/min). The increment in the wire feed rate increased the quantity of deposited material causing the geometry of the fusion zone to enlarge. Increasing the feed rate of filler wire reduced the peak temperature and avoided further coarsening of grains. The joints were cracks free and no significant percentage of porosity was detected. Traces of dislocations were found inside the fusion zone. Microstructure variation across the joints was categorized into three distinct zones similar to conventional GTAW. The hardness of the fusion zone was recorded to be the lowest. The ductility of the joints was exceptionally high.

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“…Cold-wire GTAW and the vibrating wire feeder decreased the droplet release time, while no significant difference in the weld bead geometry was observed in cold-wire or hot-wire GTAW [ 5 ]. Pai et al [ 22 ] studied the mechanical properties (tensile, hardness, and bend tests) to compare the results between the use of hot-wire and cold-wire GTAW. The results showed that the hardness, bend, and tensile properties of hot-wire and cold-wire GTAW processes were similar, and there was no significant difference between them.…”

Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Additive Manufacturing Using a Hot-Wire Plasma Welding Process on Titanium Parts

2021

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In this paper, we propose hot-wire plasma welding, a combination of the plasma welding (PAW) process and the hot-wire process in the additive manufacturing (AM) process. Generally, in plasma welding for AM processes, the deposit grain size increases, and the hardness decreases as the wall height increases. The coarse microstructure, along with the large grain size, corresponds to an increase in deposit temperature, which leads to poorer mechanical properties. At the same time, the hot-wire laser process seems to contain an overly high interstitial amount of oxygen and nitrogen. With an increasing emphasis on sustainability, the hot-wire plasma welding process offers significant advantages: deeper and narrow penetration than the cold-wire plasma welding, improved design flexibility, large deposition rates, and low dilution percentages. Thus, the hot-wire plasma welding process was investigated in this work. The wire used in the welding process was a titanium American Welding Society (AMS) 4951F (Grade 2) welding wire (diameter 1.6 mm), in which the welding was recorded in real time with a charge-coupled device camera (CCD camera). We studied three parameters of the hot-wire plasma welding process: (1) the welding speed, (2) wire current, and (3) wire feeding speed. The mechanical and physical properties (porosity, Vickers hardness, microstructure, and tensile strength) were examined. It was found that the number of layers, the length and width of the molten pool, and the width of the deposited bead increased, while the height of the layer increased, and the hot-wire current played an important role in the deposition. In addition, these results were benchmarked against specimens created by a hot-wire plasma welding/wire-based additive manufacturing process with an intention to develop the hot-wire PAW process as a potential alternative in the additive manufacturing industry.

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Results of tensile, hardness and bend tests of modified 9Cr 1Mo steel welds: Comparison between cold wire and hot wire gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) processes

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Predicting hot wire tungsten inert gas welding parameters for joining P91 and 304HCu steel using multi-optimization techniques

Predicting hot wire tungsten inert gas welding parameters for joining P91 and 304HCu steel using multi-optimization techniques

Effect of hot wire feed rate on microstructural evolution and mechanical strength of pure nickel tubes joined using gas tungsten arc welding

Experimental Investigation of Additive Manufacturing Using a Hot-Wire Plasma Welding Process on Titanium Parts

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