Results of standard patch tests with substances abandoned

Mitchell, John C.; Adams, Robert M.; Glendenning, W. E.; Fisher, Alexander A.; Kanof, Norman B.; Larsen, Walter G.; Maibach, Howard I.; Rudner, Earl J.; Schnorr, W.; Storks, F. J.; Taylor, James S.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04242.x

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…7% for citra!, 1% for methyl heptine carbonate and 1.5% for methyl salicylate in patients routinely tested with these fragrances ( 121 ). Previously, the NACDG had routinely tested approximately 200 patients with 11 fragrances and found the following prevalence rates: jasmine synthetic (15.3%), jasmine absolute (10.8%), coumarin (5.4%), benzyl salicylate (2.1 %), methyl salicylate (1.6%) and musk ambrette 1.6% (120).…”

Section: The Fragrance Mix: Very Useful But Not Idealmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse reactions to fragrances

Groot¹,

1997

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Con/act Dermatilis. /997. 36, This article reviews side-effects of fragrance materials present in cosmetics with emphasis on clinical aspects: epidemiology, types of adverse reactions, clinical picture, diagnostic procedures, and the sensitizers. Considering the ubiquitous occurrence of fragrance materials, the risk of sideeffects is small. In absolute numbers, however, fragrance allergy is common, affecting approximately 1% of the general population. Although a detailed profile of patients sensitized to fragrances needs to be elucidated, common features of contact allergy are: axillary dermatitis, dermatitis of the face (including the eyelids) and neck, well-circumscribed patches in areas of "dabbing-on" perfumes (wrists, behind the ears) and (aggravation of) hand eczema. Depending on the degree of sensitivity, the severity of dermatitis may range from mild to severe with dissemination and even erythroderma. Airborne or "connubial" contact dermatitis should always be suspected. Other less frequent adverse reactions to fragrances are photocontact dermatitis, immediate contact reactions and pigmentary changes. The fragrance mix, although very useful for the detection of sensitive patients, both causes false-positive and false-negative reactions, and detects only 70% of perfumeallergic patients. Therefore, future research should be directed at increasing the sensitivity and the specificity of the mix. Relevance is said to be established in 50-65% of positive reactions, but accurate criteria are needed. Suggestions are made for large-scale investigation of several fragrances on the basis of literature data and frequency of use in cosmetics. The literature on adverse reactions to balsam of Peru (an indicator for fragrance sensitivity), essential oils (which currently appear to be used more in aromatherapy than in perfumery) and on fragrances used as flavours and spices in foods and beverages is not discussed in detail, but pertinent side-effects data are tabulated and relevant literature is provided. Key words: perfume; fragrance; adverse reactions; fragrance mix; balsam of Peru; essential oils; allergic contact dermatitis; photosensitivity; immediate contact reactions; pigmented cosmetic dermatitis; occupational contact dermatitis. © Munksgaard, 1997. Accepted for publication 15 October 1996This article reviews side-effects of fragrance materials present in cosmetic products with emphasis on clinical aspects: epidemiology, types of adverse reactions, clinical picture, diagnostic procedures, and the sensitizers. Adverse reactions to balsam of Peru, a marker for fragrance sensitivity (!), which detects approximately 50% of patients allergic to fragrance materials (2), and to fragrances from non-cosmetic sources (e.g., flavours in food) are not discussed in detail. Essential oils seem to be more often used nowadays for medicinal (notably aromatherapy (3)) than for cosmetic purposes. Only the adverse reactions from their presence in cosmetic fragrances are included. However, because of their close relationship to fragr...

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Section: The Fragrance Mix: Very Useful But Not Idealmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse reactions to fragrances

Groot¹,

1997

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“…This study also investigated cosmetic products ( n = 79) brought in by the subjects for the presence of M2O as an ingredient and found three to contain methyl 2‐octynoate (17). An American study (18) among subjects consecutively patch tested with 1% methyl 2‐octynoate found one positive reaction in 278 tested (0.4%). The largest study was the IVDK study testing with methyl 2‐octynoate 1% mentioned above which found 6 (0.2%) allergic reactions, 12 doubtful or irritant reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Active sensitization and contact allergy to methyl 2‐octynoate

2010

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“…and several other chemicals considered irritant were abandoned (22). Until experience accumulates, patch test concentration may be set too high.…”

Section: Irritationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing the excited skin syndrome: patch testing hyperirritable skin

Mitchell¹,

Maibach²

1997

Contact Dermatitis

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Inflammation-modulating phenomena (IMPs), humoral and cellular, fluctuate during the course of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis influencing irritability of the skin. The patch test procedure is a biological assay, a titration of responses to IMPs which can produce hyporeactivity or hyperirritability of the skin of patients who have dermatitis (PDs) and a single patch test is a 'snapshot' of the tempo of an evolving process. The excited skin syndrome (ESS) refers to hyperirritability from clinical and patch test dermatitis creating false-positive patch test reactions which are not reproducible when dermatitis and IMPs have subsided. During ESS, the threshold for irritancy decreases and irritant reactions increase. Patch test concentrations should be determined and ESS investigated in PDs having enhanced IMPs, not in 'normal' individuals, and if a patch test result is important to a patient the test should be performed more than once. Variable reproducibility is inherent in the patch test method, but ESS can be managed by appropriate testing and retesting, and search for relevance.

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Results of standard patch tests with substances abandoned

Cited by 38 publications

References 1 publication

Adverse reactions to fragrances

Adverse reactions to fragrances

Active sensitization and contact allergy to methyl 2‐octynoate

Managing the excited skin syndrome: patch testing hyperirritable skin

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