Results of Photonic Crystal Enhanced Light Extraction on Heavy Inorganic Scintillators

Knapitsch, A.; Auffray, E.; Fabjan, C. W.; Leclercq, Jean Louis; Letartre, Xavier; Mazurczyk, Radoslaw; Lecoq, P.

doi:10.1109/tns.2012.2184556

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…First with Kronberger [15], followed by Knapitsch [16][17][18], an experimental method was developed to obtain the best photonic crystal slab for each application. Several other groups started to put efforts toward the same field, and many collaborations started to grow with the common objective of increasing the light output of high refractive index crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was demonstrated first by Knapitsch how PhC slabs can increase the extraction efficiency of inorganic scintillators starting from the simulations obtained with CAMFR and LITRANI [16,18]. An LSO crystal of 10 × 10 × 5 mm 3 was sputtered with 70 nm of indium tin oxide (ITO), needed to make the sample conductive and to avoid charging in the following steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Light Extraction of Inorganic Scintillators Using Photonic Crystals

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Inorganic scintillators are commonly used as sensors for ionizing radiation detectors in a variety of applications, ranging from particle and nuclear physics detectors, medical imaging, nuclear installations radiation control, homeland security, well oil logging and a number of industrial non-destructive investigations. For all these applications, the scintillation light produced by the energy deposited in the scintillator allows the determination of the position, the energy and the time of the event. However, the performance of these detectors is often limited by the amount of light collected on the photodetector. A major limitation comes from the fact that inorganic scintillators are generally characterized by a high refractive index, as a consequence of the required high density to provide the necessary stopping power for ionizing radiation. The index mismatch between the crystal and the surrounding medium (air or optical grease) strongly limits the light extraction efficiency because of total internal reflection (TIR), increasing the travel path and the absorption probability through multiple bouncings of the photons in the crystal. Photonic crystals can overcome this problem and produce a controllable index matching between the crystal and the output medium through an interface made of a thin nano-structured layer of optically-transparent high index material. This review presents a summary of the works aiming at improving the light collection efficiency of scintillators using photonic crystals since this idea was introduced 10 years ago.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Light Extraction of Inorganic Scintillators Using Photonic Crystals

et al. 2018

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“…The simulation technique was used to incorporate an optimized PhC coating into a state-of-the-art PET detector module. Our results underline the potential of improving the total light yield and CRT by PhCs, although the reported values are more modest than the results presented in [7], [11]. However, care must be taken for comparing these results with our study, as they were derived for individual scintillators instead of an 8×8 array and used air instead of optical glue to couple the scintillator with the photosensor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…This effect can lead to the extraction of photons with shallow incident angles beyond the TIR threshold. First applications of PhC technology to inorganic scintillators showed improved light output and timing resolution for individual LSO crystals [7], [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Combining Photonic Crystal and Optical Monte Carlo Simulations: Implementation, Validation and Application in a Positron Emission Tomography Detector

Thalhammer

Breuer

Führer

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-This paper presents a novel approach towards incorporating photonic crystals (PhCs) into optical Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. This approach affords modeling the full diffractive nature of PhCs including their reflection and transmission behavior as well as the manipulation of the photon trajectories through light scattering. The main purpose of this tool is to study the impact of PhCs on the light yield and timing performance of scintillator-based detectors for positron emission tomography (PET). To this end, the PhCs are translated into look-up tables and implemented into the optical MC algorithm. Our simulations are validated in optical experiments using PhC samples fabricated with electron beam lithography. The experimental results indicate that the simulations match the measurements within the accuracy of the experiments. The application of the combined simulation technique to a PET detector module predicts an increase of the total light yield by up to 23% for PhC coatings versus the reference without PhCs. Timing calculations reveal an improvement of the coincident resolving time by up to 6%. The results underline the potential of PhCs to improve light yield and timing of PET detector modules.

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“…The best filter configuration performances in terms of filtering and transmission is found for 60 inclusions with a maximum of transmission around 80% localized near 1.31μm Potential applications of photonic crystals (PCs) are extensive and cover several areas: such as production of Extremely High Q-Factor Measurement [1], experimental GVD engineering in slow light slot photonic crystal waveguides [2], tunable add/drop filter [3], demultiplexers [4], splitters [5]- [6], new more efficient and compact optoelectronic devices reproducing the operating principles of different components of an integrated circuit, using photons as information carriers instead of electrons. They also have applications in a medical imaging field [7], measurements in nano-crystal-based solar cells [8], as well as selective filters [9], which are a promising application of two dimensional PCs; this is the subject of the present work. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is regarded as a useful electromagnetic modeling tool because of its versatility [10].…”

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A Novel 1.31 um Narrow-band TE-Mode filter Design based on PBG Shift in 2D Photonic Crystal Slab

Badaoui

Farah²,

Abri³

2016

Photon. Lett. Poland

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Abstract-In this letter, a novel 1.31μm narrow-band TE-Mode filter design has been proposed, based on a photonic band gap shift in a 2D photonic crystal slab with triangular lattice air holes, using the 2D-FDTD method to numerically model the proposed filter device. The structure is achieved by the association of three waveguides W1 K A coupled in a cascade arrangement within the same cell of a PC with a triangular lattice with a single removed full row. A modulated Gaussian pulse is used to provide wide-band excitation at any desired position inside the computational domain of the photonic crystal. The best filter configuration performances in terms of filtering and transmission is found for 60 inclusions with a maximum of transmission around 80% localized near 1.31μm , new more efficient and compact optoelectronic devices reproducing the operating principles of different components of an integrated circuit, using photons as information carriers instead of electrons. They also have applications in a medical imaging field [7], measurements in nano-crystal-based solar cells [8], as well as selective filters [9], which are a promising application of two dimensional PCs; this is the subject of the present work. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is regarded as a useful electromagnetic modeling tool because of its versatility [10]. The FDTD method is capable of handling inhomogeneous materials in two or three dimension forms. Since the data storage in a computer is limited by the size of memory, it is not possible to handle an open region problem directly. To mitigate this problem, the perfectly matched layer (PML) technique is widely used in the FDTD simulations; it exhibits accuracy level that is significantly better than most other absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) [11]. This work is based on the design of devices for guiding and selective filtering PC, operating at a wavelength of 1.31μm, which corresponds to a normalized frequency a/λ * E-mail: elnbh@yahoo.fr = 0.366, where a represents the lattice constant. To achieve this goal, we adopted a specific methodology with consists in cascading several waveguides W 1 K A with different radii until the filter responds to our specifications. The nomenclature W n D A is given in [9,12]. The first considered structure consists of an array of air cylinders holes having a radius r, in a dielectric medium with a refractive index n eff = 3.24. This value corresponds to the effective refractive index in an InP/GaInAsP/InP heterostructure with a three-layer system [13][14]. These air rods are finitely arranged in the x and y directions and infinitely long in the z direction. In 2D dimensions, 13 parallel layers of holes are arranged in the y direction. This structure has the following parameters: a = 0.48μm, the filling factor f = 0.44 in order to obtain the suitable and desired normalized frequency a/λ = 0.366. Numerical simulations are performed for the TE polarization. We begin by implementing the spatially dispersive FDTD method in 2D simulations with a vi...

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Results of Photonic Crystal Enhanced Light Extraction on Heavy Inorganic Scintillators

Cited by 43 publications

References 13 publications

Enhancing Light Extraction of Inorganic Scintillators Using Photonic Crystals

Enhancing Light Extraction of Inorganic Scintillators Using Photonic Crystals

Combining Photonic Crystal and Optical Monte Carlo Simulations: Implementation, Validation and Application in a Positron Emission Tomography Detector

A Novel 1.31 um Narrow-band TE-Mode filter Design based on PBG Shift in 2D Photonic Crystal Slab

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