Results of Laboratory Screening Tests of Chemical Compounds for Molluscicidal Activity

Nolan, M. O.; Bond, Howard W.; Mann, Elizabeth E.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1953.2.716

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In our study, the rise in the glycogen content of the cephalopodal mass could be related to the reduced ability to move shown by the snails exposed to higher latex concentrations. Other physiological stress processes, such as intoxication by heavy metals, immobilize the animal, generating a distress syndrome (Nolan et al 1953, Harry et al 1957, Duncan 1987, providing backing for our observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Physiological changes in Biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) caused by sub-lethal concentrations of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B (Euphorbiaceae)

Mello-Silva

Vasconcellos

Pinheiro

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Molluscides have been used as one of the strategies to control schistosomiasis. Many plant extracts with molluscidal effects have been tested, but the action of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii is considered the most promising because it meets the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). The objective of this study was to determine the lethal dose and identify the effects of the different doses of latex of E. splendens var.hislopii on the physiology of Biomphalaria glabrata submitted to treatment for 24 h. The concentrations of glucose, uric acid and total proteins in the hemolymph and of glycogen in the digestive gland and cephalopodal mass were determined. The LD 50 value was 1 mg/l. The highest escape index was found to be at a concentration of 0.6 mg/l. The results showed that the latex of E. splendens var. hislopii caused a sharp reduction in the reserves of glycogen in the digestive gland and elevation of the protein content in the hemolymph of B. glabrata. Key words: plant molluscide -Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii -Biomphalaria glabrataThe use of molluscides as one of the strategies to control schistosomiasis began in Brazil in 1976, with the creation of the Special Schistosomiasis Control Program by the National Health Foundation (Machado 1982). The product used in the program was niclosamide, an ethanolamine salt of 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide, manufactured under the trade name Bayluscide  , whose efficacy had previously been established (Gonnert 1961). Application of this product caused biocidal action on non-target plants and animals (Andrews et al. 1983), besides causing genotoxicity and carcinogenic effects (Vega et al. 1988). The high cost (Pieri 1995), the possibility of recolonization of breeding grounds (Sarquis et al. 1997(Sarquis et al. , 1998, and the ecological toxicity of this product were limitations on its use as an official molluscide in government programs to control schistosomiasis.At the same time, various plants were tested as natural molluscides. Jurberg et al. (1989) (Mendes et al. 1984). Of these, E. splendens stands out for its molluscidal activity in doses under 0.5 mg/l, eight times smaller than the lethal dose for fish (Vasconcellos & Schall 1986).Some questions have arisen in the selection of plant molluscides, such as: toxicity, availability, annual growth, adaptability to different local conditions, and location of molluscidal activity in parts of the plant that easily regenerate, such as the leaves. To be eligible for use, a product must be storable and remain viable for at least one year; be physically and chemically stable; have ethnobotanical value; and be easy to extract and apply, preferably in aqueous extracts (Kloos & McCullough 1982). Considering all these criteria, in 1998 the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC, Fiocruz, RJ) obtained a biotechnology patent on a method to collect, extract and apply E. splendens var. hislopii latex as a molluscide (Vasconcellos 2000).In the published works on plants with molluscidal action and ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Physiological changes in Biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) caused by sub-lethal concentrations of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B (Euphorbiaceae)

Mello-Silva

Vasconcellos

Pinheiro

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Control snails were maintained under the same experimental conditions in dechlorinated water. Snail mortality was confirmed by immersion tested snails in sodium hydroxide solution (20%) (Nolan et al, 1953). The result was calculated as the average of these replicates.…”

Section: Detection Of Molluscicidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement molluscicidal activity of Anagalis arvensis extracted by copper oxide nanoparticles against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails

Saad¹,

Azzam²,

Mostafa³

et al. 2019

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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Keywords: B.alexandrina Anagalis arvensisCopper oxide Molluscicide Nanoparticles Histopathology Nanotechnology has received more attention in the field of control of intermediate hosts. In the present study, copper nanoparticles were fabricated and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Improvement of the molluscicidal activity of Anagalis arvensis ethanolic extract was made using CuO NPs by forming plant nanocomposite (ACuO NC). The results showed that ACuO NC has high molluscicidal activity against B. alexandrina snails; recording LC 50 and LC 90 were 1.76 and 3.16 ppm, respectively. Also, biochemical parameters (Total protein, ALT, AST and ALP) revealed highly significant changes in treated snails with sublethal concentrations (LC 10 and LC 25 ) of ACuO NC. However, histopathological changes occurred in the hermaphrodite glands of snails exposed to these concentrations of nanocomposite were detected, where, the ova and sperms degenerated and there were losses of connective tissues between acini. ACuO NC was more safety when tested against the biological indicator Daphnia magna. These observations prove that ACuO NC has potent molluscicidal activity against the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni with more safety for aquatic environment.

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“…It has been shown by Stephenson (1959) that insecticides are of doubtful use in slug control. In the U.S.A., Hunter, Freytag and Ritchie (1952) and Nolan, Bond and Mann (1953) have shown that many organic compounds are toxic to snails but their possible use in slug control has not been tested. At Rothamsted in 1961, three compounds, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzyl benzoate (BB) were each subjected to four Plant Pathology tests with mature AgrloUnuix reticulatus (L), respectively for repellancy and toxicity when undiluted, for effectiveness as stomach poisons in bran bait, as repellants in vermiculite, and as contact poisons.…”

Section: Rothamsted Experimental Station Harpenden Hertsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molluscacidal Properties of Three Fly Repellants

Stephenson

1962

Plant Pathology

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Results of Laboratory Screening Tests of Chemical Compounds for Molluscicidal Activity

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological changes in Biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) caused by sub-lethal concentrations of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B (Euphorbiaceae)

Physiological changes in Biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) caused by sub-lethal concentrations of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B (Euphorbiaceae)

Improvement molluscicidal activity of Anagalis arvensis extracted by copper oxide nanoparticles against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails

The Molluscacidal Properties of Three Fly Repellants

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