Results of fibre and toner flotation depending on oleic acid dosage

Abstract

The literature was reviewed with respect to deinking flotation methods with toner samples, specifically emphasizing the speciation of copy machine and laser printing, which produce an increasing quantity of paper that is difficult to recycle. Speciation here refers to the physical-chemical characteristics of the toner, which change because of the polymerization (fusion) and oxidation process, due to exposure to heat, light and oxygen (air) during the printing process. To simulate the deinking flotation, after the ideal disintegration process, samples of toner were prepared in order to provide free toner particles. Synthetic toner has iron content and the same physical-chemical features as free disintegrated printed toner particles.We report the toner (I) and fibre (Y) recovery and the brightness (B) of laboratory filter pads formed of deinked product as deinking efficiencies. The application of oleic acid as the collector in the flotation stage gives a better flotation recovery in alkaline than in acidic conditions. The highest brightness (BF = 93.66%) and flotation recoveries (I = 90, Y = 92.82%) were achieved during testing at an oleic acid concentration of 3.38·10(-6) mol l(-1), which is the lowest dose used. This makes the use of oleic acid economical and environmentally friendly.

Effect of waste toner powder on the performance of microcrystalline cellulose‐talc reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites

“…It seemed that the spherical shape of toner powder shifted flat and larger particles due to the polymerization of toner when used in the matrix by extrusion and compress molding processes. Trumic and Antonijevic 60 stated that toner shapes changed with thermal treatment. In Figure 7D, the flat shape of toner powders dispersed homogenously in the PP matrix was observed.…”

Quantitative models for porphyry copper exploration

“…Based on the global consumption reports, copper stands in the third rank after iron and aluminum (United States Geological Survey (USGS), 2012; Nakajima et al, 2018;Seck et al, 2020). As a result of the world's economic and technological growth, the production of copper ore has constantly increased (7% per year) during the last century, and greater attention has been paid to copper exploration (Zhang et al, 2015;Trumic et al, 2016;Dong et al, 2020; Weber and Reichl, 2022; Figure 1. a).…”