Results in Patients Treated With the Coil Kidney (Disposable Dialyzing Unit)

Kolff, Willem J.; Watschinger, Bruno; Vertes, Victor

doi:10.1001/jama.1956.02970150001001

Cited by 48 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In this type of dialyzer (7), cellophane tubing surrounded by a fiberglass screen were wound together in a single coil which in turn was situated circumferentially in a cylinder (essentially a can). Dialysate, which was recirculated in a "cross-flow" manner at a high rate (30 L/min) from a 100 L tank, bathed the coils.…”

Section: Coil Dialyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodialyzer Membranes and Configurations: A Historical Perspective

Clark

2000

Seminars in Dialysis

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The principle of hemodialysis (HD) was first described over a century ago while the first human HD treatment was performed in 1923 with collodion tubes. Since that time, a variety of different hemodialyzer configurations and membranes have been used. The purpose of this article is to provide a historical review of these various configurations and membranes. The rotating drum, coil, parallel flow, and hollow fiber artificial kidneys are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the factors that have influenced the shaping of the contemporary HD market.

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Section: Coil Dialyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodialyzer Membranes and Configurations: A Historical Perspective

Clark

2000

Seminars in Dialysis

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“…Dialysis Technique.-For haemodialysis a Kolff twin-coil artificial kidney (Kolff, Watschinger, and Vertes, 1956) was used. Forced diuresis and alkalinization were continued during the haemodialysis and plasma barbiturate levels were measured hourly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemodialysis in Severe Barbiturate Poisoning

Lee¹,

Ames²

1965

BMJ

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“…In 1956, Kolff developed the first coil-type membrane oxygenator (Kolff et al 1956b) by substituting the cellophane membrane in his own developed artificial kidney, the Kolff rotating Fig. 2 The principle of membrane blood oxygenation drum (Kolff 1954;Kolff et al 1956a;Kolff and Watschinger 1956), with a nonporous symmetric dense polyethylene (PE) membrane.…”

Section: Development Of Membrane Blood Oxygenatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes

Strathmann¹

2016

Encyclopedia of Membranes

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Quite often during the operation of a system for the treatment of gases, it is necessary to expand it for treating greater streams. In some cases, future expansion is contemplated even during the initial phase of a project. In other cases, it could be a necessity not foreseen during system design phase (Miller and Stöcker 1989; Brunetti et al. 2010).Membrane system expansion is very easy, since this only requires the addition of identical modules. This is the advantage offered by the modularity of membrane units and the reduced equipment and control systems required for operating it. In comparison, considering the other reference technologies for gas separation, PSA and absorption systems can also be expanded, but it requires additional design considerations and adds cost in the initial phase of the project.The cryogenic units cannot be expanded if it is not foreseen during the design phase. Generally they can be over-dimensioned, and a capacity increase is often obtained without modification to the cold box itself through addition of a tail gas compressor. ReferencesBrunetti A, Bernardo P, Drioli E, Barbieri G (2010) Membrane engineering progresses and potentialities in gas separations. In: Yampolskii Y, Freeman B (eds) Membrane gas separation. Wiley, New York, pp 281-312 Miller GQ, Stöcker J (1989) Selection of a hydrogen separation process NPRA annual meeting, 19-21 Mar, San Francisco Effective DiffusivityRenzo Di Felice University of Genova, Genova, ItalyEffective diffusivity is a convenient parameter which is introduced when diffusion takes place in non-homogenous media. Consider, for example, the case where a species is diffusing through porous particles, such as reactant diffusing inside a catalytic solid. In this case, the molecules have to travel for a longer distance given that the pores of the catalytic particles are not straight, and moreover diffusion takes place over a smaller area due to the solid being wall impermeable. These effects are taken into account by defining an effective diffusivity as where e is the particle void fraction and thereby takes into account the reduced flow area available and t is the tortuosity which considers the longer distance traveled by the molecules. It should be stressed, however, that more often than not, the parameter inside the parenthesis is utilized as a fitting factor derived from experimental data rather than predicting factor from the solid physical characteristics. These result in the reported tortuosity factor, for example, to assume rather wild values, as high as ten, which are difficult to justify with geometrical arguments alone. The concept of effective diffusivity is also applied for the case of species diffusing in heterogeneous media, such a polymer filled with a second, less permeable, material. Maxwell (1873) has obtained an exact expression, in the case of composite media filled with spheres, for the effective diffusivity given aswhere D is the diffusion coefficient in the primary media, D s the diffusion coefficient through the spheres, and f th...

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Results in Patients Treated With the Coil Kidney (Disposable Dialyzing Unit)

Cited by 48 publications

References 3 publications

Hemodialyzer Membranes and Configurations: A Historical Perspective

Hemodialyzer Membranes and Configurations: A Historical Perspective

Haemodialysis in Severe Barbiturate Poisoning

Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes

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