Results from Zimbabwe’s 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Manyanga, Taru; Munambah, Nyaradzai; Mahachi, Carol; Makaza, Daga; Mlalazi, Tholumusa F.; Masocha, Vincent; Makoni, Paul; Sithole, Fortunate; Khumalo, Bhekuzulu; Rutsate, Sipho H.; Matsungo, Tonderayi M.

doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0520

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This finding was comparable with the report from Chile, Ecuador, and Ghana [26,27,60]. It was higher than results reported from 21 countries including Zimbabwe [61]. The possible reason might be a lack of family and peer encouragement and support from physically inactive people in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Assessment of Physical Activity Indicators for Children and Youth in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Global Matrix 3.0 Study (2017–2018)

Abdeta¹,

Teklemariam

Deksisa

et al. 2019

Sports Med - Open

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Background: Regular physical activity is vital for children's health, well-being, and development. However, evidence is scant about physical activity indicators for children and youth in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess physical activity indicators among children and youth in Ethiopia.Methods: This study was conducted as part of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance's "Global Matrix 3.0" which included 49 countries. Data were collected from December 2017 to April 2018. The country research team included different disciplines related to physical activity. Data were retrieved from pre-reviewed literature, government policy documents, and an expert interview panel. Data were analyzed using the ten physical activity indicators for children and youth. The grading system was done through a harmonized process and the standard grading rubric of the Global Matrix 3.0 study ((A = ≥ 80%, B = 60%-79%, C = 40%-59%, D = 20%-39%, F = < 20%, INC = incomplete data).Results: For the overall physical activity indicator, 28% of children and youth in Ethiopia met the recommended physical activity of 60 min per day which resulted in a "D" grade. Likewise, the school and government indicator received a "D" grade. Almost 32% of schools in Ethiopia had access to infrastructures and multipurpose spaces for physical activity including outdoor play. The government policy partially existed in the non-communicable diseases agenda but had less focus on children and youth. The active play indicator scored the highest grade of "B." About 71% of children and youth were involved in active play for at least 2 h a day before, during, and after school. About 50% of children and youth were engaging in organized sport participation, and this indicator was graded a "C." Similarly, 48% of children and youth walked to and from school as a means of active transportation resulting in a "C" for this indicator. Three indicators (sedentary behavior, family and peers, and community and environment) were graded as an "F." Approximately 8% of children and youth were living in communities and environments that did not support opportunities for physical activity. Only 13% of children and youth spent less than 2 h per day in sedentary screen time. There was no adequate information to grade the physical fitness indicator.Conclusion: This study showed that Ethiopian's children and youth have received low grades for majority of physical activity indicators. Therefore, urgent actions should be taken by the government, policymakers, researchers, and key stakeholders to address the suggested priority areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Our research group was unable to grade the physical fitness indicator due to a lack of available evidence. This was similar to 26 other countries including Zimbabwe [61]. The reason for this might be a lack of evidence on research to support this indicator in many countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Assessment of Physical Activity Indicators for Children and Youth in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Global Matrix 3.0 Study (2017–2018)

Abdeta¹,

Teklemariam

Deksisa

et al. 2019

Sports Med - Open

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“…A companion article 25 published in this issue of The Journal of Physical Activity and Health provides a detailed description of the methods used by each of the participating countries. In addition, summary papers for each of the participating countries' report cards [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] are included in this issue and provide additional details of data sources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators of Physical Activity Among Children and Youth in 9 Countries With Low to Medium Human Development Indices: A Global Matrix 3.0 Paper

Manyanga¹,

Barnes²,

Abdeta³

et al. 2018

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background: This study compares results of physical activity report cards from 9 countries with low to medium human development indices, participating in the Global Matrix 3.0 initiative. Methods: Country-specific report cards were informed by relevant data and government policy documents, reporting on 10 core indicators of physical activity for children and youth. Data were synthesized by report card working groups following a harmonized process. Grade assignments for each indicator utilized a standard grading rubric. Indicators were grouped into one of 2 categories: daily behaviors and settings and sources of influence. Descriptive statistics (average grades) were computed after letter grades were converted into interval variables. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated for all correlation analyses. Results: Mean grades for daily behaviors were higher (C) than those for settings and sources of influence (D+). Twenty-nine out of the possible 90 grades were assigned an incomplete. There were moderate to strong positive and negative relationships between different global indices and overall physical activity, organized sport and physical activity, active play, family, community and environment, and government. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate an urgent need for high-quality data at the country level in order to better characterize the physical activity levels of children and youth in countries with low to medium human development indices.

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“…Zimbabwe had the second-best grade for Overall Physical Activity ("C+") after Slovenia, with high grades for most of the behavioral indicators ("B" for Organized Sport and Physical Activity, "A−" for Active Transportation, and "B" for Sedentary Behaviors); however, its sources of influence indicators were assigned grades between "D" and "C." In comparison with the previous Report Card in Zimbabwe, the grades for School, Community and Environment, and Government, have improved due to recent policy implementations and commitments made by the government to promote physical activity and nutritional status among Zimbabwean children and youth. 50 However, there is need for caution in interpreting these grades as they were informed by limited and mostly unpublished data and expert opinion. Thus, more research is needed to obtain a reliable picture of the context of the physical activity level of children and youth in Zimbabwe.…”

Section: Most Successful Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 20 countries that graded Active Play, this behavior was mostly measured by self-or proxy-report surveys, assessing the frequency or the time of active play/being active while playing, 57,[59][60][61][62] unstructured/unorganized active play, 51,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69] playing outdoors/outdoors activities/being outdoors, 50,59,67,[70][71][72] and/or was based on expert opinion. 50,54,73,74 A definition for active play was proposed in a recent systematic review: "a form of gross motor or total body movement in which young children exert energy in a freely chosen, fun, and unstructured manner." 75 A consensus definition, however, still needs to be internationally agreed upon and acknowledged to allow the development of standardized measurement tools for this indicator in varying age groups.…”

Section: Active Playmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries

Aubert¹,

Barnes²,

Abdeta

et al. 2018

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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600

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Background: Accumulating sufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity is recognized as a key determinant of physical, physiological, developmental, mental, cognitive, and social health among children and youth (aged 5–17 y). The Global Matrix 3.0 of Report Card grades on physical activity was developed to achieve a better understanding of the global variation in child and youth physical activity and associated supports. Methods: Work groups from 49 countries followed harmonized procedures to develop their Report Cards by grading 10 common indicators using the best available data. The participating countries were divided into 3 categories using the United Nations’ human development index (HDI) classification (low or medium, high, and very high HDI). Results: A total of 490 grades, including 369 letter grades and 121 incomplete grades, were assigned by the 49 work groups. Overall, an average grade of “C-,” “D+,” and “C-” was obtained for the low and medium HDI countries, high HDI countries, and very high HDI countries, respectively. Conclusions: The present study provides rich new evidence showing that the situation regarding the physical activity of children and youth is a concern worldwide. Strategic public investments to implement effective interventions to increase physical activity opportunities are needed.

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Results from Zimbabwe’s 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Assessment of Physical Activity Indicators for Children and Youth in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Global Matrix 3.0 Study (2017–2018)

Assessment of Physical Activity Indicators for Children and Youth in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Global Matrix 3.0 Study (2017–2018)

Indicators of Physical Activity Among Children and Youth in 9 Countries With Low to Medium Human Development Indices: A Global Matrix 3.0 Paper

Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries

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