Results from SAGE (The Russian-American gallium solar neutrino experiment)

Abdurashitov, J. N.; Faizov, E. L.; Гаврин, В. Н.; Gusev, A. O.; Kalikhov, A. V.; Knodel, T. V.; Knyshenko, I. I.; Kornoukhov, V. N.; Mirmov, I. N.; Pshukov, A. M.; Шалагин, А. М.; Shikhin, A. A.; Timofeyev, P. V.; Veretenkin, E. P.; Vermul, V. M.; Зацепин, Г. Т.; Bowles, T. J.; Nico, J. S.; Teasdale, W. A.; Wark, D.; Wilkerson, J. F.; Cleveland, B. T.; Daily, T.; Davis, R.; Lande, K.; Lee, C. K.; Wildenhain, P.; Elliott, S. R.; Cherry, M. L.; Kouzes, Richard T.

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(94)90454-5

Cited by 384 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The Russian-American Gallium Experiment (SAGE) has been measuring the capture rate of solar neutrinos with a target of gallium metal in the liquid state since January 1990. The measured capture rate [2,3] is 67 ±7 (stat) +5 −6 (syst) SNU * , a value that is well below solar model predictions of 137 +8 −7 SNU [4] and 125 ± 5 SNU [5]. In addition, the GALLEX Collaboration, which has been measuring the solar neutrino capture rate with an aqueous GaCl 3 target since 1991, observes a rate of 70 ± 7 +4 −5 SNU [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We took the solar neutrino capture rate to be 69 SNU [2] and subtracted from the observed signal an amount corresponding to that production rate. The solar neutrino rate has been measured by SAGE to a precision of 12 SNU or 17%.…”

Section: B Other Systematic Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…trino source lends significant credibility to the radiochemical technique, we note that numerous investigations have been undertaken during the SAGE experiment to ensure that the various efficiencies are as quoted [2]. The extraction efficiency has been determined by a variety of chemical and volumetric measurements that rely on the introduction and subsequent extraction of a known amount of the stable Ge carrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of the response of a gallium metal solar neutrino experiment to neutrinos from a51Crsource

Abdurashitov¹,

Гаврин²,

Girin³

et al. 1999

Phys. Rev. C

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264

165

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The neutrino capture rate measured by the Russian-American Gallium Experiment is well below that predicted by solar models. To check the response of this experiment to low-energy neutrinos, a 517 kCi source of 51 Cr was produced by irradiating 512.7 g of 92.4%-enriched 50 Cr in a high-flux fast neutron reactor. This source, which mainly emits monoenergetic 747-keV neutrinos, was placed at the center of a 13.1 tonne target of liquid gallium and the cross section for the production of 71 Ge by the inverse beta decay reaction 71 Ga(νe, e − ) 71 Ge was measured to be [5.55 ± 0.60 (stat) ± 0.32 (syst)] × 10 −45 cm 2 . The ratio of this cross section to the theoretical cross section of Bahcall for this reaction is 0.95 ± 0.12 (expt) +0.035 −0.027 (theor) and to the cross section of Haxton is 0.87 ± 0.11 (expt) ± 0.09 (theor). This good agreement between prediction and observation implies that the overall experimental efficiency is correctly determined and provides considerable evidence for the reliability of the solar neutrino measurement. PACS number(s): 26.65.+t, 13.15.+g, 95.85.Ry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: B Other Systematic Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of the response of a gallium metal solar neutrino experiment to neutrinos from a51Crsource

Abdurashitov¹,

Гаврин²,

Girin³

et al. 1999

Phys. Rev. C

Self Cite

264

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This discrepancy is known as the "Solar Neutrino Problem". Several other experiments, including Kamiokande II [39], Super-Kamiokande [41], GALLEX [42], SAGE [43], GNO [44], and Borexino [45] oscillations. The survival probability of electron neutrinos is…”

Section: The Solar Neutrino Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillations in the MINOS experiment

Yang

2009

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The observation of neutrino oscillations (neutrino changing from one flavor to another) has provided compelling evidence that the neutrinos have non-zero masses and that leptons mix, which is not part of the original Standard Model of particle physics. The theoretical framework that describes neutrino oscillation involves two mass scales (∆m 2 atm and ∆m 2 sol ), three mixing angles (θ 12 , θ 23 , and θ 13 ) and one CP violating phase (δ CP ). Both mass scales and two of the mixing angles (θ 12 and θ 23 ) have been measured by many neutrino experiments. The mixing angle θ 13 , which is believed to be very small, remains unknown. The current best limit on θ 13 comes from the CHOOZ experiment: θ 13 < 11• at 90% C.L. at the atmospheric mass scale. δ CP is also unknown today.MINOS, the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search, is a long baseline neutrino experiment based at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The experiment uses a muon neutrino beam, which is measured 1 km downstream from its origin in the Near Detector at Fermilab and then 735 km later in the Far Detector at the Soudan mine. By comparing these two measurements, MINOS can obtain parameters in the atmospheric sector of neutrino oscillations. MINOS has published results on the precise measurement of ∆m 2 atm and θ 23 through the disappearance of muon neutrinos in the Far Detector and on a search for sterile neutrinos by looking for a deficit in the number of neutral current interactions seen in the Far Detector. MINOS also has the potential to improve the limit on the neutrino mixing angle θ 13 or make the first v measurement of its value by searching for an electron neutrino appearance signal in the Far Detector. This is the focus of the study presented in this thesis.We developed a neural network based algorithm to distinguish the electron neutrino signal from background. The most important part of this measurement is the background estimation, which is done through extrapolation. The number of background events is measured at the Near Detector, then extrapolated to the Far Detector. Since different background sources extrapolate differently, some knowledge about the relative contribution from different background sources is necessary. We developed a method that can be used to obtain relative contributions of various background sources from comparison of background rates in the horn-on and horn-off configurations. We also described our effort to improve two aspects of the Monte Carlo simulation which are very important for the ν e appearance analysis: one is the hadronization model in the neutrino-nucleon interactions, the other is the modeling of PMT crosstalk. We performed a blind analysis and examined several sidebands before looking at the signal region. After we opened the box, we observed a 1.4 σ excess of ν e -like events in the Far Detector compared with the number of predicted background events. The excess is well within the statistical fluctuation of the background events. If we interpret the excess as a ν e signal from ν µ → ν...

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“…That division, based on the rate in Ga of the pp reaction by itself, today seems naive, and with much merriment Nature produced exactly 69 SNU in the Ga experiments. SAGE reported its first results in 1990 [4,5], and Gallex in 1992 [6]. Every experiment reported rates far below the expectations of the SSM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar neutrinos

Robertson

2006

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

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Experimental work with solar neutrinos has illuminated the properties of neutrinos and tested models of how the sun produces its energy. Three experiments continue to take data, and at least seven are in various stages of planning or construction. In this review, the current experimental status is summarized, and future directions explored with a focus on the effects of a non-zero θ 13 and the interesting possibility of directly testing the luminosity constraint. Such a confrontation at the few-percent level would provide a prediction of the solar irradiance tens of thousands of years in the future for comparison with the present-day irradiance. A model-independent analysis of existing low-energy data shows good agreement between the neutrino and electromagnetic luminosities at the ±20% level.

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Results from SAGE (The Russian-American gallium solar neutrino experiment)

Cited by 384 publications

References 18 publications

Measurement of the response of a gallium metal solar neutrino experiment to neutrinos from a51Crsource

Measurement of the response of a gallium metal solar neutrino experiment to neutrinos from a51Crsource

A study of muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillations in the MINOS experiment

Solar neutrinos

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