Results From India’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Katapally, Tarun Reddy; Goenka, Shifalika; Bhawra, Jasmin; Mani, Subha; Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Kehoe, Sarah H; Lamkang, Anjana Sankhil; Raj, Manu; McNutt, Kathleen

doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0393

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our findings indicate that interventions are required to promote and increase physical activity among children and adolescents in India and this is supported by national level data [18, 51]. Implementing such interventions may help to prevent cardiometabolic disease and reduce the increasing health and human capital burden of these chronic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…However, there are also likely to be cultural and structural issues such as pressure to excel academically and walkability difficulties in urban environments that will require a more systemic approach and political will to modify. At present the availability of data on such cultural and structural issues is limited in India [18, 51] and a combined approach of collecting such surveillance data and delivering interventions is required to address the rise in cardiometabolic disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active children are less adipose and insulin resistant in early adolescence; evidence from the Mysore Parthenon Cohort

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether physical activity volume and intensity in mid-childhood and early adolescence were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors at 13.5 years.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the Mysore Parthenon observational birth cohort. At ages 6–10 and 11–13 years, volume and intensity of physical activity were assessed using AM7164 or GT1M actigraph accelerometers worn for ≥4 days, and expressed as mean counts per day and percentage time spent in light, moderate and vigorous physical activity according to criteria defined by Evenson et al. At 13.5 years, fasting blood samples were collected; lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured and insulin resistance (HOMA) was calculated. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured at the left arm using a Dinamap (Criticon). Anthropometry and bio-impedance analysis were used to assess body size and composition. Metabolic and anthropometric measures were combined to produce a metabolic syndrome risk score.ResultsAt 6–10 years, boys and girls respectively spent a median (IQR) of 1.1 (0.5, 2.0) % and 0.8 (0.4, 1.3) % of recorded time vigorously active. At 11–13 years, boys and girls respectively spent a median (IQR) of 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) % and 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) % of time vigorously active. All of the physical activity parameters were positively correlated between the 6–10 year and the 11–13 year measurements indicating that physical activity tracked from childhood to early adolescence. There were no associations between physical activity at 6–10 years and individual 13.5 year risk factors but % time vigorously active was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome score (B = −0.40, 95% CI −0.75, 0.05). Volume of physical activity at 11–13 years was inversely associated with 13.5 year HOMA and fat percentage and vigorous physical activity was associated with HOMA, fat percentage, sum of skinfolds, waist circumference and total: HDL cholesterol ratio. Vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome score (B = −0.51, 95% CI −0.94, −0.08).ConclusionsVolume and intensity of physical activity in early adolescence were negatively associated with metabolic and anthropometric risk factors. Interventions that aim to increase adolescent physical activity, especially vigorous, may prevent cardiometabolic disease in later life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active children are less adipose and insulin resistant in early adolescence; evidence from the Mysore Parthenon Cohort

et al. 2019

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“…Higher grades for daily behaviors for countries with low to medium HDIs participating in the Global Matrix 3.0 is comparable with results for low-to medium-income countries [73][74][75][76][77][78] that participated in the 2016 Global Matrix 2.0 initiative. 23 These findings demonstrate that, although there may be ongoing physical activity transitions 8,19 in countries with low to medium HDIs, there may still be an opportunity to reduce the transition acceleration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Indicators of Physical Activity Among Children and Youth in 9 Countries With Low to Medium Human Development Indices: A Global Matrix 3.0 Paper

Manyanga¹,

Barnes²,

Abdeta³

et al. 2018

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background: This study compares results of physical activity report cards from 9 countries with low to medium human development indices, participating in the Global Matrix 3.0 initiative. Methods: Country-specific report cards were informed by relevant data and government policy documents, reporting on 10 core indicators of physical activity for children and youth. Data were synthesized by report card working groups following a harmonized process. Grade assignments for each indicator utilized a standard grading rubric. Indicators were grouped into one of 2 categories: daily behaviors and settings and sources of influence. Descriptive statistics (average grades) were computed after letter grades were converted into interval variables. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated for all correlation analyses. Results: Mean grades for daily behaviors were higher (C) than those for settings and sources of influence (D+). Twenty-nine out of the possible 90 grades were assigned an incomplete. There were moderate to strong positive and negative relationships between different global indices and overall physical activity, organized sport and physical activity, active play, family, community and environment, and government. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate an urgent need for high-quality data at the country level in order to better characterize the physical activity levels of children and youth in countries with low to medium human development indices.

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“…51 The low grades in most countries are consistent with earlier reports. 7,15,70 Grades were generally higher in low-middle income countries (LMIC; Brazil, 26 India, 37 Kenya, 40 Mexico, 42 Mozambique, 43 Nigeria, 46 South Africa, 52 Zimbabwe 61 ), but this relationship was not uniform as Slovenia 51 and New Zealand 45 also reported high grades and no significant correlation between HDI and overall behavior grades was observed (Table 5).…”

Section: Successes and Challenges Based On Indicator Gradesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Global Matrix 2.0: Report Card Grades on the Physical Activity of Children and Youth Comparing 38 Countries

Tremblay

Barnes

González

et al. 2016

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

387

400

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The Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance organized the concurrent preparation of Report Cards on the physical activity of children and youth in 38 countries from 6 continents (representing 60% of the world’s population). Nine common indicators were used (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Family and Peers, School, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments), and all Report Cards were generated through a harmonized development process and a standardized grading framework (from A = excellent, to F = failing). The 38 Report Cards were presented at the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health in Bangkok, Thailand on November 16, 2016. The consolidated findings are summarized in the form of a Global Matrix demonstrating substantial variation in grades both within and across countries. Countries that lead in certain indicators often lag in others. Average grades for both Overall Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior around the world are D (low/poor). In contrast, the average grade for indicators related to supports for physical activity was C. Lower-income countries generally had better grades on Overall Physical Activity, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behaviors compared with higher-income countries, yet worse grades for supports from Family and Peers, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments. Average grades for all indicators combined were highest (best) in Denmark, Slovenia, and the Netherlands. Many surveillance and research gaps were apparent, especially for the Active Play and Family and Peers indicators. International cooperation and cross-fertilization is encouraged to address existing challenges, understand underlying determinants, conceive innovative solutions, and mitigate the global childhood inactivity crisis. The paradox of higher physical activity and lower sedentary behavior in countries reporting poorer infrastructure, and lower physical activity and higher sedentary behavior in countries reporting better infrastructure, suggests that autonomy to play, travel, or chore requirements and/or fewer attractive sedentary pursuits, rather than infrastructure and structured activities, may facilitate higher levels of physical activity.

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Results From India’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Active children are less adipose and insulin resistant in early adolescence; evidence from the Mysore Parthenon Cohort

Active children are less adipose and insulin resistant in early adolescence; evidence from the Mysore Parthenon Cohort

Indicators of Physical Activity Among Children and Youth in 9 Countries With Low to Medium Human Development Indices: A Global Matrix 3.0 Paper

Global Matrix 2.0: Report Card Grades on the Physical Activity of Children and Youth Comparing 38 Countries

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