Results and complications of a novel technique for primary castration with an inguinal approach in horses

Kummer, M; Gygax, Diego; Jackson, Michelle Amanda; Bettschart‐Wolfensberger, Regula; Fürst, Anton

doi:10.2746/042516409x415018

Cited by 33 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…increased testis size, total sperm numbers and percent viable sperm), suggest that testis size starts to increase within 30 days and total sperm numbers and percent viable sperm follow between 30 and 60 days post unilateral orchiectomy. The surgical technique used in this study was modified from that used in a previous report describing standard orchiectomy through an inguinal approach followed by primary-incision closure [22]. Advantages of performing a unilateral orchiectomy through a parainguinal approach may include minimising trauma to tissues in close proximity to the remaining testis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surgical technique for unilateral orchiectomy on subsequent testicular function inMiniatureHorse stallions

McCormick

Valdez

Rakestraw

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReasons for performing study: Management decisions on unilateral orchiectomy are often influenced by the potential for post operative return to successful breeding. The effects of 2 surgical methods (first intention [FI] vs. second intention [SI] incision healing) for unilateral orchiectomy on resulting semen quality and scrotal temperature were evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the effects of 2 surgical unilateral orchiectomy techniques on scrotal healing, size of the remaining testis and post operative sperm quality. Materials and methods: Unilateral orchiectomy was performed on mature Miniature Horse stallions. Semen was collected prior to and up to 60 days after, unilateral orchiectomy. Semen parameters, scrotal and body temperatures, testis volume and days to incision healing were evaluated. Results: There was no effect of treatment or time on percent total sperm motility. Total sperm numbers were higher (P<0.05) 60 days after unilateral orchiectomy compared with 14 and 30 days. Percent viable sperm were higher (P<0.05) 30 and 60 days compared with pre-and 14 day post unilateral orchiectomy. Scrotal temperatures were lower after unilateral orchiectomy compared with preoperative values (PՅ0.003). Higher scrotal temperatures were recorded in Group FI, as compared with Group SI, during recovery from anaesthesia and at 1 and 2 h after surgery (P = 0.02). Mean time to incision healing was less in Group FI (10.0 days) than in Group SI (21.5 days; P = 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, total sperm motility was maintained and size of the remaining testis, total sperm numbers and percent viable sperm increased after unilateral orchiectomy. Incision healing time was shorter in Group FI; however, surgical technique did not have an effect on semen quality at 30 and 60 days post unilateral orchiectomy. Potential relevance: These data suggest that surgical technique for unilateral orchiectomy may not dramatically influence function of the remaining testis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surgical technique for unilateral orchiectomy on subsequent testicular function inMiniatureHorse stallions

McCormick

Valdez

Rakestraw

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…The testes were randomly (http://www.random.org) assigned to three groups of 20 specimens: group G was ligated with a giant knot, group T was ligated with a modified transfixing knot, and group S was ligated with a strangle knot (Figure ). For every specimen, one knot was then tied 10 mm proximally to the transection line drawn with the pencil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Castration is a common surgical procedure in horses, yet its complications constitute one common cause of malpractice claims against equine veterinarians . Although there are variations in surgical techniques (open, closed, half‐closed) and approaches (scrotal, inguinal, laparoscopic), a ligature can be used with or without an emasculator to control bleeding from the vascular bundle before transection . Despite the possible use of the emasculator and the introduction of newer electrosealing devices, ligatures are still considered the gold standard method to achieve hemostasis in surgery .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of three ligatures in simulated equine open castration

et al. 2020

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Objective: To compare three surgical knots for preventing leakage from the vascular bundle during ligation in simulated equine open castrations. Study design: Randomized, case-control, in vitro study. Sample population: Testes (N = 60) collected from 30 horses. Methods: Testes were collected from 30 horses and randomly assigned to one of three groups: group G (friction, giant knot), group T (modified transfixing knot), or group S (sliding, strangle knot; n = 20/group). The assigned knot was used to ligate the vascular bundle during open castration. The length of suture material used and the leak pressure of the testicular artery were measured and compared between groups. Results: Strangle knots consistently leaked at higher pressures (median, 735.5 mm Hg; interquartile range [IQR], 735.5-735.5) compared with giant (median, 441.3 mm Hg; IQR, 367.8-643.6) and transfixing (median, 419.2 mm Hg; IQR, 323.6-643.6; P < .0001) knots. Both the strangle (median, 5 cm; IQR, 4.5-5.5) and giant (median, 6 cm; IQR, 5.35-6.075) knots required less suture material compared with the transfixing (median, 9.2 cm; IQR, 8.425-10.38; P < .0001) knot. Conclusion: The three surgical knots tested withstood pressure well above physiological levels in simulated open castrations. The strangle knot withstood higher pressure and required similar (giant) or less (transfixing) suture material than the other two knots. Clinical significance: This study provides evidence to support the use of a strangle knot to ligate the vascular bundle during simulated open castrations in horses.

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“…A orquiectomia a é uma técnica rotineira na criação de equinos e é recomendado em pacientes com idade entre 1-2 anos (Shoemaker et al, 2004, Kummer et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Evisceration in a horse submitted to orchiectomy: a case report

Barbosa¹,

Silveira²,

Bromerschenkel³

et al. 2016

Pubvet

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RESUMO.O presente relata a evisceração e posterior herniação inguinal de segmento de jejuno em equino submetido à orquiectomia. Um eqüino da raça Mangalarga Marchador, macho, 15 anos, foi encaminhado para realização de orquiectomia eletiva em haras no município de Alegre-ES. Após sedação e anestesia local, o paciente foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico. Decorridos 15 minutos, foi observado sangramento na região da bolsa escrotal, com visualização de tecido emergindo da ferida cirúrgica na bolsa escrotal direita. Após exame visual verificou-se tratar de porção do intestino delgado insinuandose pelo anel inguinal e ferida cirúrgica. Imediatamente o paciente foi submetido à laparotomia mediana à campo para redução da evisceração, sob anestesia geral intravenosa. O redução foi realizada com êxito, com sutura do anel inguinal externo direito. Decorridas seis horas do término da laparotomia, o paciente apresentou quadro clinico de abdômen agudo, e à palpação retal constatou-se presença de hérnia inguinal direita. Optou-se pela eutanásia do animal, por não haver um centro cirúrgico de grandes animais na região. Na necropsia foi verificado porção de jejuno insinuada no canal inguinal direito, com estrangulamento, apresentando-se com coloração esverdeada. A orquiectomia é uma técnica de execução relativamente simples, podendo ser realizada a campo pelo médico veterinário, porém, apresenta taxas de complicações elevadas, entre 20 a 38% dos casos, principalmente associados a erros de técnica cirúrgica. A evisceração intestinal pós-castração é considerada uma situação de emergência, exigindo uma conduta terapêutica rápida e eficiente. A sua ocorrência é rara, em torno de 0,2 a 2,6 % dos casos de orquiectomia. A palpação retal prévia à orquiectomia pode auxiliar na detecção de um anel inguinal interno dilatado ou qualquer alteração no mesmo, todavia esta prática não é realizada rotineiramente no pré-operatório de orquiectomia na espécie eqüina. Palavras chave: equinos, castração, evisceraçãoEvisceration in a horse submitted to orchiectomy: a case report ABSTRACT. This case report describes an evisceration of a segment of the small intestine in a male, 15-years-old Mangalarga Marchador horse, which was submitted to elective orchiectomy in a stud farm in Alegre, ES, Brazil. Following sedation and local anesthesia, the patient was submitted to the surgical procedure. Fifteen minutes after the end of surgery, hemorrhage from the region of the scrotum was observed, with tissue protruding from the surgical wound in the right scrotal sac. Visual exam revealed that it was a segment of the small intestine protruding from the inguinal ring and surgical wound. The patient was immediately submitted to TIVA (total intravenous anesthesia) and an emergency median laparotomy was performed to reduce the evisceration. The procedure was carried out with success and the right external inguinal ring was sutured. Six hours after the second procedure, the patient presented clinical signs of acute

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Results and complications of a novel technique for primary castration with an inguinal approach in horses

Abstract: This technique of castration with an inguinal approach had a low incidence of complications at the site of surgery compared with other methods. An inguinal approach and leaving the vaginal tunic in situ may cause less soft tissue trauma than a scrotal approach.

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of surgical technique for unilateral orchiectomy on subsequent testicular function inMiniatureHorse stallions

Effect of surgical technique for unilateral orchiectomy on subsequent testicular function inMiniatureHorse stallions

Evaluation of three ligatures in simulated equine open castration

Evisceration in a horse submitted to orchiectomy: a case report

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