Restructuring the Labour Market

Ashton, David; Maguire, Malcolm; Spilsbury, Mark

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-20737-4

Cited by 78 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Retrospective questions were used to glean information on previous work histories, experience of unemployment, and participation in training schemes. This type of methodology has been used successfully in other relevant studies; the problems of recall, often associated with retrospective studies, appear to be less in evidence with questions concerning key life events (Ashton et al, 1986(Ashton et al, , 1990.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health and Social Exclusion among Unemployed Youth in Scandinavia. A Comparative Study

Hammer¹

2000

Int J Soc Welfare

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Although there has been considerable research on the relationship between mental health problems and unemployment among youth in a national context, there have been few comparative studies involving countries with different cultures and different levels of unemployment. Surveys in the five Nordic countries (Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark) of nearly 8,000 young unemployed people enable us to study young peoples’ experience of unemployment in a comparative perspective. Representative samples of unemployed youth were drawn from the national unemployment registers. In Sweden the sample consisted of 3,998 young people with a response rate of 63%, in Finland 2,386 (response rate 73%), Iceland 2,280 (response rate 60%), Denmark 1,540 (response rate 76%) and Norway 2,000 (response rate 56%). The data were later coupled to data from the unemployment register in the respective countries. The populations were interviewed 6 to 12 months after they were registered as unemployed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health and Social Exclusion among Unemployed Youth in Scandinavia. A Comparative Study

Hammer¹

2000

Int J Soc Welfare

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“…As observable characteristics become the main proxies for hiring and determining wages, rather than those that cannot be recognised or valued, the effect is similar to segmentation theory and may induce differential pay practices for particular workers deemed able to do particular jobs. Managers are prone to hold subjective judgements, especially when assessing the qualities of young people (Ashton et al, 1990), although not necessarily detrimentally. For example, students may have an advantage over non-students where their education and other observable characteristics are perceived as adding value (and see the later discussion on skills).…”

Section: Hiringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three modes of entry‐point competition between younger and adult workers are identified by Ashton et al. (1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three modes of entry-point competition between younger and adult workers are identified by Ashton et al (1990). Although there are circumstances where younger and adult workers compete directly for the same jobs, segmentation may arise where competition is restricted to young people, for example, apprenticeships, or where young people are not suitable for particular jobs because they do not have timedependent experience, the requisite skills and qualifications or are legally barred, for example, for health and safety reasons.…”

Section: Introduction Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing the basis for differential pay practices of younger workers in low paying hospitality firms

Lucas

Keegan

2008

Human Res Mgmt Journal

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Understanding the basis for differential pay practices by age is an important policy issue now that claims for pay discrimination on grounds of age may be mounted. Difficulties in determining the relative job worth and personal worth of workers in particular age groups are highlighted. We identify a need to develop a practical mechanism for assessing the validity of age‐related pay differences in keeping with contemporary notions of jobs and skills that will provide a basis for employers to demonstrate objective justification that their employment practices are not discriminatory. More comprehensive and wide‐ranging research is necessary to differentiate age‐related pay practices and develop further theoretical insights.

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“…During the 1980s, academic research was divided about the extent to which recession permanently or temporarily eroded job opportunities for young people. Ashton, Maguire and Spilsbury (1990) attributed the decline in demand for youth labour throughout the 1980s to changes such as the decline of labour intensive industries, the impact of new technology, increased business competition and a process of increasing competition. They argued that the changes were irreversible and, regardless of economic conditions, many of the jobs which were traditionally occupied by young people had been lost.…”

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confidence: 99%

‘I just want a job’ – what do we really know about young people in jobs without training?

Maguire

2010

Journal of Youth Studies

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Over recent years, a central concern of policy has been to drive up post-16 participation rates in full-time education and address the needs of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET). As a result, young people who enter work which is classified as 'without training' at 16/17 have largely been ignored. However, the decision to Raise the Participation Age (RPA) for continuing in learning for all 17-year olds from 2013 and for all 18-year olds from 2015 in England, together with a growing unease about the impact of the current recession on youth unemployment rates, have revived interest in the 'jobs without training' (JWT) group. This paper draws on the findings from two studies: first, a qualitative study in two contrasting local labour markets, of young people in JWT, together with their employers and parents; and second, an evaluation of the Learning Agreement Pilots (LAP), which was the first policy initiative in England targeted at the JWT group. Both studies reveal a dearth of understanding about early labour market entrants and a lack of policy intervention and infrastructure to support the needs of the JWT group throughout the UK. From this, it is concluded that questionable assumptions have been made about the composition and the aspirations of young people in JWT, and their employers, on the basis of little or no evidence. As a consequence, a policy 'quick fix' to satisfy the RPA agenda will not easily be achieved. If the decision to raise the participation age is adopted also by the Welsh and Scottish parliaments, similar challenges may have to be faced. (DCSF, 2009). This is a far cry from 1972, when the statutory schoolleaving age was raised from 15 to 16, and nearly two-thirds of all young people left school as soon as possible, with the vast majority moving directly into work (Roberts, 1995).The position in the UK can also be contrasted to those in other countries. For example, Ryan (2001) pointed to there being significant differences between European countries, both in terms of their levels of youth unemployment and with regard to the quality of work in which young people are employed. Ryan attributes such cross-national differences to structural factors, such as variations between countries in their levels of economic performance, cyclical trends in unemployment rates and youth cohort sizes. Recent empirical evidence also suggests that national differences with regard to employment protection legislation, as well as the level of support for vocational education, significantly impact on young people's labour market entry patterns, depending on their levels of academic attainment (Wolbers, 2007). Wolbers' study found that deregulated labour markets, such as the UK, were more likely to increase the likelihood of unemployment or inactivity once young people had entered the labour market and to reduce the quality of their first employment. However, protective employment practices were also found to benefit young people with higher levels of education in highly deregulated labour ...

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Restructuring the Labour Market

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Mental Health and Social Exclusion among Unemployed Youth in Scandinavia. A Comparative Study

Mental Health and Social Exclusion among Unemployed Youth in Scandinavia. A Comparative Study

Probing the basis for differential pay practices of younger workers in low paying hospitality firms

‘I just want a job’ – what do we really know about young people in jobs without training?

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