Restructuring supervision and reconfiguration of skill mix in community pharmacy: Classification of perceived safety and risk

Bradley, Fay; Willis, Sarah; Noyce, Peter; Schafheutle, Ellen

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.10.009

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Denmark, the Netherlands) pharmacy technicians routinely undertake dispensing without pharmacist supervision, in the UK and US pharmacists are required to either undertake or supervise different parts of the process. Some research exists which supports the expansion of the roles of pharmacy technicians and other support staff in community pharmacy[ 24 , 25 ] which would help free up pharmacists’ time for clinical roles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do organisational configuration and context influence the quantity and quality of NHS services provided by English community pharmacies? A qualitative investigation

et al. 2018

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Community pharmacies are expanding their role into medicines-related healthcare and public health services, previously the domain of physicians and nurses, driven by policies to improve healthcare access for patients and to address problems of increasing demands and rising costs in primary and urgent care services. Understanding the organisational context into which this expansion is taking place is necessary given concerns over the extent to which pharmacies prioritise service volume over the quality of service provision. As part of a larger programme of work, this paper aims to explore stakeholder perceptions of the organisational and extra-organisational factors associated with service quality and quantity in community pharmacy as an established exemplar of private sector organisations providing publicly-funded healthcare. With ethics committee approval, forty semi-structured interviews were conducted with service commissioners, superintendent and front-line pharmacists, purposively selected from across nine geographical areas and a range of community pharmacy organisational types in England. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Findings highlight the perceived importance of appropriate staffing and skill-mix for promoting service quantity and quality in community pharmacy. Organisational cultures which supported team development were viewed as facilitatory whereas those prioritising business targets over service quality seen to be inhibitive. Older local populations and low patient expectations were thought to limit service uptake as was poor integration with wider primary care services. The contractual framework and commissioning processes were also seen as a barrier to increasing service quality, quantity and integration in this sector. These findings suggest that healthcare administrations should take account of organisational and extra-organisational drivers and barriers when commissioning services from private sector providers such as community pharmacies to ensure that the quality of service provision is incentivised in addition to service quantity. Additionally, collaborative working should be encouraged through integrated commissioning mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do organisational configuration and context influence the quantity and quality of NHS services provided by English community pharmacies? A qualitative investigation

et al. 2018

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“…52 Within the UK, although task delegation is reported to be widely employed within community pharmacies and support staff are considered competent to absorb further roles, barriers to task delegation exist and include concerns over accountability, with mixed views about the reconfiguration of the skill mix within community pharmacies. 53,54 As participants within this study reported positively that the process map could encourage staff involvement, the generic process map could be disseminated to pharmacies as an operational tool to facilitate implementation by promoting whole-team engagement and task delegation. The use of process maps in community pharmacy has previously been suggested to improve efficiency, identify support staff roles and ensure higher skilled staff perform tasks only themselves can do, 47 echoing some of the participants comments within this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Application of process mapping to understand integration of high risk medicine care bundles within community pharmacy practice

Weir

Newham

Corcoran

et al. 2018

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy

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Understanding CB integration into routine practice has positive implications for successful implementation. The generic process map can be used to develop targeted resources, and/or be disseminated to facilitate CB delivery and foster whole team involvement. Similar methods could be utilised within other settings, to allow those developing novel services to distil the key processes and consider their integration within routine workflows to effect maximal, efficient implementation and benefit to patient care.

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“…There is evidence from pharmacy technicians and preregistration pharmacists that training differs between the two main sectors, with hospital trainees working in larger, multiprofessional teams with dedicated study time. Furthermore, qualified hospital staff work in more advanced roles . Whilst there is some evidence that the nonregulated pharmacy assistant workforce is historically transient in nature, with a lack of robust and sustainable education pathways and poor career progression, relatively little is known regarding their practice or training .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, qualified hospital staff work in more advanced roles. [1,10,13,14] Whilst there is some evidence that the nonregulated pharmacy assistant workforce is historically transient in nature, with a lack of robust and sustainable education pathways and poor career progression, [15] relatively little is known regarding their practice or training. [3] Nevertheless, it is important that pharmacy assistants enable the release of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to deliver high-quality near-patient services, to enable delivery of the government vision for health care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cross-sector apprenticeships in pharmacy: is it a sustainable quality education model for pharmacy assistants?

Jones

McEwen-Smith

Fidler

et al. 2018

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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This paper explores the benefits and challenges of employing a pharmacy apprentice and utilising a novel cross-sector training model. Findings have potential relevance to the training of other pharmacy staff, including pharmacy technicians and pharmacists. They offer early insights into the potential value of pharmacy apprenticeships for training pharmacy assistants, particularly if these are set up across the two main sectors hospital and community pharmacy.

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Restructuring supervision and reconfiguration of skill mix in community pharmacy: Classification of perceived safety and risk

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

How do organisational configuration and context influence the quantity and quality of NHS services provided by English community pharmacies? A qualitative investigation

How do organisational configuration and context influence the quantity and quality of NHS services provided by English community pharmacies? A qualitative investigation

Application of process mapping to understand integration of high risk medicine care bundles within community pharmacy practice

Use of cross-sector apprenticeships in pharmacy: is it a sustainable quality education model for pharmacy assistants?

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