Restrictive pattern on spirometry: association with cardiovascular risk and level of physical activity in asymptomatic adults

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether a restrictive pattern on spirometry is associated with the level of physical activity in daily life (PADL), as well as with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, in asymptomatic adults. Methods: A total of 374 participants (mean age, 41 ± 14 years) underwent spirometry, which included the determination of FVC and FEV1. A restrictive pattern on spirometry was defined as an FEV1/FVC ratio > 0.7 and an FVC < 80% of the predicted value. After conducting demographic, anthropometric, and CVD risk assessments, we evaluated body composition, muscle function, and postural balance, as well as performing cardiopulmonary exercise testing and administering the six-minute walk test. The PADL was quantified with a triaxial accelerometer. Results: A restrictive pattern on spirometry was found in 10% of the subjects. After multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for confounders (PADL and cardiorespiratory fitness), the following variables retained significance (OR; 95% CI) as predictors of a restrictive pattern: systemic arterial hypertension (17.5; 1.65-184.8), smoking (11.6; 1.56-87.5), physical inactivity (8.1; 1.43-46.4), larger center-of-pressure area while standing on a force platform (1.34; 1.05-1.71); and dyslipidemia (1.89; 1.12-1.98). Conclusions: A restrictive pattern on spirometry appears to be common in asymptomatic adults. We found that CVD risk factors, especially systemic arterial hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity, were directly associated with a restrictive pattern, even when the analysis was adjusted for PADL and cardiorespiratory fitness. Longitudinal studies are needed in order to improve understanding of the etiology of a restrictive pattern as well as to aid in the design of preventive strategies.

Restrictive spirometry pattern is associated with low physical activity levels. A population based international study

“…Our finding that physical activity levels are lower among those with a restrictive spirometry pattern agrees with a previous report which was based on a small number (37) of cases. This previous work found a positive association between having a restrictive spirometry pattern and physical inactivity measured by accelerometer [32]. Cross-sectional studies have also identified that other constructs related to Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval for low physical activity in subjects with a restrictive spirometry pattern compared to those with a normal spirometry pattern (reference group), in ECRHS (dashed line), SAPA-LDIA (dotted line) and the meta-analysis (solid line).…”

Influence of cigarette smoking on biventricular systolic function independent of respiratory function: a cross-sectional study

“…Age and sex were selected as independent variables because they were well-known parameters which could affect the cardiac function. Meanwhile, FEV1.0% and %FVC were selected as independent variables because they were important parameters on spirometry that could clearly indicate respiratory condition [22]. Beta coefficients were interpreted as the absolute change in dependent variables per change in the pack-years intensity.…”

Sedentary behavior and its pattern are associated with postural balance and fear of falling in asymptomatic adults: a cross-sectional study

“…We conducted a cross-sectional study with participants selected from the Epidemiological Study of Human Movement (EPIMOV Study). Brie y, the EPIMOV Study is an epidemiological cohort study with the main purpose of investigate the longitudinal association between SB and physical inactivity and development of hypokinetic chronic diseases [16,17]. Exclusion criteria for the EPIMOV study were: regular use of gaiters and/or di culty performing physical exertion due to osteoarticular problems, recent respiratory infections, unstable or stable angina in the last four weeks, recent myocardial infarction, angioplasty or cardiac surgery in the last three months.…”