Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of the DNA from Varicella-Zoster Virus: Stability of the DNA after Passage in vitro

Zweerink, Hans J.; Morton, D. Holmes; Stanton, Linda W.; Neff, Beverly J.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-55-1-207

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The restriction enzyme profiles of herpesviruses are stable through many in vitro passages in cells from the natural host of the virus (Buchman et aL, 1979;Zweerink et al, 1981;Allen et al, 1983a). However, in vitroserial passage of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) in non-equine cells or in vivo serial passage in hamsters resulted in alterations in the migration of certain restriction enzyme fragments (Allen et al, 1983 a).…”

Section: Stability Of the Pseudorabies Virus Genome After In Vivo Sermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of the Pseudorabies Virus Genome After in vivo Serial Passage

Wathen

Pirtle

1984

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYRestriction endonuclease patterns of pseudorabies virus (PRV) DNA were examined after each of 11 serial passages of the virus through pigs. Minor variations in the electrophoretic mobility of certain restriction enzyme fragments were observed by the sixth passage. This variability was similar to Some of the minor variability observed in field isolates. The variable fragments were mapped to three locations on the PRV genome: the junction between the short unique sequences and the repeat sequences, the terminus of the long unique region, and an internal area of the long unique region.

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Section: Stability Of the Pseudorabies Virus Genome After In Vivo Sermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of the Pseudorabies Virus Genome After in vivo Serial Passage

Wathen

Pirtle

1984

Journal of General Virology

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“…Changes in restriction profiles due to alteration of mobility of particular fragments after passage in vitro have been reported for HSV-I (Roizman & Tognon, 1982), cytomegalovirus (Huang et al, 1980), varicella-zoster virus (Zweerink et al, 1981), Marek's disease virus (Hirai et al, 1981), and equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) (Allen et al, 1983). In addition, such changes have been shown in HSV-2 (Smith et al, 1981) and cytomegalovirus (Huang et al, 1980) isolated sequentially from the same patient, and in EHV-1 passaged in hamsters (Allen et al, 1983).…”

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confidence: 98%

Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus from Recrudescent Lesions, from Latent Infection and During Passage in the Skin and Nervous System of Mice

Darville

Harbour

Hill

et al. 1987

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYThe stability of the restriction endonuclease profile of herpes simplex virus type 1 strain SC16 in mice was studied. Virus isolated from skin during acute infection was compared with that from latently infected ganglia and with that from recrudescent lesions induced by trauma. In another experiment virus serially passaged only in skin was compared with virus that had also replicated in the nervous system. The loss or gain of specific restriction sites was not observed but in some cases the mobility of certain fragments decreased.Restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral DNA can clearly differentiate between the two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV) (Skare et al., 1975) and distinguish many intratypic variants (Buchman et al., 1978). Almost every clinical isolate from different patients has its own distinct profile (Buchman et al., 1978), except in cases of proven or likely contact (Buchman et al., 1978; J. M. Darville, unpublished observations). However, despite this variety of profiles, those obtained from successive isolates from the same individual show at most only minor differences in the mobility of some fragments (Maitland et al., 1982; J. M. Darville, unpublished observations). This suggests that within one individual the virus retains a constant genetic pattern over long periods and raises the question of the origin of the diversity between strains from different individuals. In this study we have attempted to find by endonuclease analysis whether changes in the viral DNA occur in mice experimentally infected with HSV-1. We investigated the restriction profiles of the DNA from virus isolated from primary infection, recrudescent lesions and latently infected ganglia. In addition, we examined DNA from virus passaged repeatedly only in the skin and from that isolated at each passage from the nervous system. Restriction profiles of the DNA of virus passaged repeatedly in cell culture were also examined.The virus used was HSV-1 strain SC16 (Hill et al., 1975), isolated from a human recurrent lesion and passaged five times in Vero cells. To preserve any heterogeneity in the original population the virus was not cloned. Mice were female (to avoid damage to the ears from fighting) outbred Swiss white (Hill et al., 1975); they were 4 weeks old when inoculated.All HSV isolates were subjected to restriction enzyme analysis by a simplified method (Darville, 1983) derived from one previously described (Lonsdale, 1979). In the first experiment the enzymes used were BstI, EcoRI (Cambridge Biotechnology Laboratories, CBL), PvulI and KpnI (Bethesda Research Laboratories). In later experiments EcoRI and KpnI were replaced by SstI (CBL) since HSV has more sites recognized by this enzyme.In the first two experiments samples were so coded before analysis that all isolates from an animal could be examined blind in the correct order in adjacent tracks of the same gel.The first experiment was designed to compare virus replicating at the inoculation site during primary infection with that isolated from latentl...

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“…While some investigators have documented changes in VZV restriction profiles on serial passage (11,12,20,45,47), others failed to observe any differences after as many as 33 passages in cultured cells (20,45). The serial passage of the Oka parental virus in tissue culture resulted in a well-documented accumulation of mostly single point mutations (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Global Identification of Three Major Genotypes of Varicella-Zoster Virus: Longitudinal Clustering and Strategies for Genotyping

Loparev

González

DeLeon-Carnes

et al. 2004

J Virol

139

252

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By analysis of a single, variable, and short DNA sequence of 447 bp located within open reading frame 22 (ORF22), we discriminated three major varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genotypes. VZV isolates from all six inhabited continents that showed nearly complete homology to ORF22 of the European reference strain Dumas were assigned to the European (E) genotype. All Japanese isolates, defined as the Japanese (J) genotype, were identical in the respective genomic region and proved the most divergent from the E strains, carrying four distinct variations. The remaining isolates carried a combination of E-and J-specific variations in the target sequence and thus were collectively termed the mosaic (M) genotype. Three hundred twenty-six isolates collected in 27 countries were genotyped. A distinctive longitudinal distribution of VZV genotypes supports this approach. Among 111 isolates collected from European patients, 96.4% were genotype E. Consistent with this observation, approximately 80% of the VZV strains from the United States were also genotype E. Similarly, genotype E viruses were dominant in the Asian part of Russia and in eastern Australia. M genotype viruses were strongly dominant in tropical regions of Africa, Indochina, and Central America, and they were common in western Australia. However, genotype M viruses were also identified as a minority in several countries worldwide. Two major intertypic variations of genotype M strains were identified, suggesting that the M genotype can be further differentiated into subgenotypes. These data highlight the direction for future VZV genotyping efforts. This approach provides the first simple genotyping method for VZV strains in clinical samples.Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus that commonly causes chicken pox (varicella), usually in young children. Following primary infection a lifelong latent infection is established, and the virus often reactivates in adulthood or senescence to cause shingles (zoster). The VZV genome consists of 125 kb of linear, double-stranded DNA comprising one long and one short unique region, each flanked by inverted repeats (10), and five internal repeat regions (R1 to R5) have been identified. The VZV genome contains at least 71 open reading frames (ORFs), and the functions of many of the proteins they encode have been characterized (10).During the past 2 decades, several groups attempted to evaluate VZV phylogeny. Early efforts in VZV typing used DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis (13,37,38), an approach that confirmed the identity of the VZV strain that causes varicella on primary infection and later reactivates to cause zoster. Relatively consistent restriction enzyme digestion profiles for different VZV strains were observed, providing the first evidence that VZV has a highly conserved genome. Intrastrain variation in restriction enzyme fragment profiles among wild-type VZV isolates was observed (22,36,37). However, the most prominent differences were linked to variation in the number and composi...

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Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of the DNA from Varicella-Zoster Virus: Stability of the DNA after Passage in vitro

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Stability of the Pseudorabies Virus Genome After in vivo Serial Passage

Stability of the Pseudorabies Virus Genome After in vivo Serial Passage

Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus from Recrudescent Lesions, from Latent Infection and During Passage in the Skin and Nervous System of Mice

Global Identification of Three Major Genotypes of Varicella-Zoster Virus: Longitudinal Clustering and Strategies for Genotyping

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