Restriction and Elimination Diets in ADHD Treatment

Nigg, Joel T.; Holton, Kathleen F.

doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.010

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…In several studies dietary interventions comprising elimination and restrictive diets have shown promise as effective treatments for ADHD (Nigg and Holton 2014;Stevenson et al 2014). Although it requires significant effort and is difficult to maintain long-term, positive effects have been found following the implementation of very restrictive diets, such as the "few foods" diet (Pelsser et al 2009).…”

Section: The Potential For Antioxidant-related Therapies In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food colourings, additives, and unhealthy food choices are commonly reported to contribute to ADHD symptomatology, leading researchers to investigate the treatment efficacy of restriction and elimination diets (Heilskov Rytter et al 2014;Nigg and Holton 2014). In prospective studies, consuming a Western dietary pattern or a high junk food diet during early childhood was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in later childhood and adolescence (Howard et al 2011;Wiles et al 2009).…”

Section: Potential Causes Of Oandns In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ADHD: possible causes and the potential of antioxidant-targeted therapies

Lopresti

2015

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a complex etiology although theories associated with disturbances in dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity are most commonly cited.The importance of these catecholamines in ADHD is supported by its effective treatment utilising stimulant and non-stimulant medications that modify their activity. Recently there has been interest in oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) in ADHD and its potential to contribute to this condition. In this article, research investigating O&NS in ADHD is reviewed and its impact on catecholaminergic activity and neurological structure is discussed. Lifestyle, environmental, ADHD is most commonly treated with stimulant medications such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, non-stimulants such as atomoxetine, and alpha2-adrenergic agonists such as clonidine and guanfacine. Through their effects on dopamine and noradrenaline transporters, stimulants inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline, thereby increasing the extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters. These stimulants also inhibit monoamine oxidase, the enzyme that metabolises these catecholamines (Wilens et al. 2011). Atomoxetine works as a selective reuptake inhibitor of noradrenaline leading to its increased extracellular concentration (Garnock- Jones and Keating 2009).While effective, these medications are associated with several adverse effects. These include loss of appetite, growth delay and sleep disturbances (Cortese et al. 2013). It is important to note that despite their widely accepted short-term efficacy, the long-term effectiveness of pharmacological treatments on social, educational and occupational functioning in people with ADHD continues to be debated (Huang and Tsai 2011;Langberg and Becker 2012;Nijmeijer et al. 2008). On a positive note, recent analyses using the Swedish national registrar suggests that long-term stimulant use in people with ADHD is associated with reduced rates of substance use, criminality, and serious traffic accidents (Chang et al. 2014a;Chang et al. 2014b;Lichtenstein et al. 2012).Despite wide appreciation of catecholaminergic theories associated with ADHD, there has been increased research into other biological mechanisms associated with ADHD. For example, in psychiatry there has been interest in immune-inflammatory pathways and oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS). In particular, it has been confirmed through recent meta-analyses that depression is Increased O&NS has also been found in bipolar disorder (Andreazza et al. 2008;Brown et al. 2014),

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Section: The Potential For Antioxidant-related Therapies In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Causes Of Oandns In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ADHD: possible causes and the potential of antioxidant-targeted therapies

Lopresti

2015

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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“…For instance, a review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials of artificial food colour exclusions for the treatment of ADHD published in this journal suggested small but significant effects on ADHD symptoms -although in most trials patients had shown some degree of prior intolerance (Stevenson et al, 2014). Interesting for restrictive elimination diets, the findings were less compelling in the same review (but see Nigg & Holton, 2014; for a slightly different view on the relative value of artificial colour exclusion and restrictive elimination diets).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Editorial: Diet and children's behaviour problems – disentangling urban myth from clinical reality

Sonuga‐Barke¹

2015

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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This Editorial focuses on diet and behaviour problems ‐ seeking to disentangle the modern urban myth of the toxic effects of the modern diet on children's brains from the reality of its actual effects on behaviour. It suggests we need to navigate a course between these two opposing extremes, seeing the proposed diet–behaviour link more as a hypothesis to test, than a truth to defend or a myth to debunk. It summarises the history and standing of the current diet‐behaviour hypothesis and the use of dietary exclusions and dietary supplements for behaviour problems, in the light of current empirical evidence and the impetus this provides for further research in this field.

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“…Dietary regimens for ADHD have two foci: 1) removal of elements or specific components or large groups of food from the diet (e.g., sugar, artificial food coloring, food groups, gluten); and 2) addition of specific elements to the diet (e.g., zinc, fish oil) (49). Although these dietary interventions for managing ADHD have been proposed by practitioners of both Western and traditional Chinese medicine, limited research exists on the efficacy and safety of dietary intervention as an adjunct to conventional medications (40,49,(76)(77)(78)(79). To date, findings suggest elimination diets and fish oil supplementation may hold promise in certain cases (40,75,76) and may offer treatment opportunities for subgroups of children with ADHD who do not respond to or are too young for medication (75).…”

Section: Diet and Treatment Of Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Role of Carbohydrates and Grains in Nutrition and Neurological Disorders: Headache, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Depression^,

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Restriction and Elimination Diets in ADHD Treatment

Cited by 49 publications

References 53 publications

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ADHD: possible causes and the potential of antioxidant-targeted therapies

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ADHD: possible causes and the potential of antioxidant-targeted therapies

Editorial: Diet and children's behaviour problems – disentangling urban myth from clinical reality

CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Role of Carbohydrates and Grains in Nutrition and Neurological Disorders: Headache, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Depression^,

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Restriction and Elimination Diets in ADHD Treatment

Cited by 49 publications

References 53 publications

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ADHD: possible causes and the potential of antioxidant-targeted therapies

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ADHD: possible causes and the potential of antioxidant-targeted therapies

Editorial: Diet and children's behaviour problems – disentangling urban myth from clinical reality

CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Role of Carbohydrates and Grains in Nutrition and Neurological Disorders: Headache, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Depression,

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Role of Carbohydrates and Grains in Nutrition and Neurological Disorders: Headache, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Depression^,