Restricted Unilateral Ankle Dorsiflexion Movement Increases Interlimb Vertical Force Asymmetries in Bilateral Bodyweight Squatting

Crowe, Martyn A; Bampouras, Theodoros M.; Walker-Small, Katie; Howe, Louis

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003345

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…However, it was noticeable that the asymmetry indexes increased when transitioning from a standing (3.77%), through a semi-squat (4.70%), to a squat position (4.85%). It has been previously suggested that ankle dorsiflexion RoM restriction may lead to increased loading asymmetries during a bilateral squat [38,39]. Accordingly, the patients in our study demonstrated significant ankle dorsiflexion RoM asymmetry (50.01%) before participating in the exercise program.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…There are a large number of studies investigating the influence and effects of hip muscles on PFP [21,38,48,49], with evidence confirming positive effects of hip strengthening exercises on PFP. However, most of these studies focused their interest on strength deficits that are present in patients with PFP compared to healthy individuals, rather than on inter-leg asymmetries present in patients with PFP alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

et al. 2021

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Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often associated with impaired muscle strength, flexibility, and stability. It has been suggested that inter-leg asymmetries have an important role in increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, including PFP. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify significant asymmetries and determine the effects of a symmetry targeted exercise program in patients with PFP. Eighteen patients aged 13 to 54 years (24.17 ± 12.52 years) with PFP participated in this study. Strength, flexibility and stability outcomes of the trunk, hip, knee and ankle muscles were assessed. A single-group pretest–posttest design was used to assess changes in inter-leg and agonist–antagonist asymmetries resulting from the 8-week period of the supervised exercise program. Results indicated a significant improvement in inter-leg symmetry regarding bilateral stance in a semi-squat position (p = 0.020, d = 0.61, df = 17) and ankle plantarflexion (p = 0.003, d = 0.32, df = 17) and ankle dorsiflexion strength (p < 0.001, d = 0.46, df = 17). In addition, the ratio of ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (p = 0.036, d = 1.14, df = 17) and hip extension/flexion (p = 0.031, d = 0.94, df = 16) changed significantly during the intervention period. To our knowledge, this was the first study to evaluate inter-leg asymmetries resulting from a period of a supervised exercise program. The results indicate that an exercise program focusing on individual asymmetries may influence specific deficits and contribute to better rehabilitation outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

et al. 2021

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“…The LSI of the AP-COP position would be more sensitive than the LSI of the ankle dorsiflexion angle in predicting the LSI in the knee extensor moment contribution. However, as unilateral restriction of ankle dorsiflexion has been reported to lead to interlimb asymmetry in vertical ground reaction force during double-leg squatting [ 21 ], the present results may not be applicable to individuals with evident asymmetry in the range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The center of pressure position in combination with ankle dorsiflexion and trunk flexion is useful in predicting the contribution of the knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting

Ishida

Samukawa

Kasahara

et al. 2022

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Squatting exercises are commonly used in rehabilitation for knee joint disorders; in these exercises, control of knee extensor moment is important to enhance training effects and to avoid adverse effects. Ankle dorsiflexion and trunk flexion are widely used to reduce knee extensor moments during squatting, but the increased load on the low back is a concern. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the anterior–posterior (AP) center-of-pressure (COP) position and the AP-COP position in combination with ankle dorsiflexion and trunk flexion angles can predict the contribution of the knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting. Methods Twenty-eight healthy individuals (14 female and 14 male participants, age 22.8 ± 1.3 years) performed three sets of five consecutive double-leg squats. Kinematics and kinetics were analyzed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system with force plates. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to predict the contribution of the knee extensor moment (% total support moment) from AP-COP position, ankle dorsiflexion, and trunk flexion. Results The AP-COP position was a significant predictor of the knee extensor moment contribution (R2 = 0.168, P = 0.030). Multivariate analysis showed that the ankle dorsiflexion angle (ΔR2 = 0.561, β = 0.842) and AP-COP position (ΔR2 = 0.296, β = − 0.499) predicted the knee extensor moment contribution (model R2 = 0.857, P < 0.001). Additionally, the combination of trunk flexion (ΔR2 = 0.429, β = − 0.613) and AP-COP position (ΔR2 = 0.109, β = − 0.332) predicted the knee extensor moment contribution (model R2 = 0.538, P < 0.001). The limb symmetry index of the knee extensor moment was significantly associated with that of the AP-COP position (R2 = 0.493, P < 0.001) but not with that of the ankle dorsiflexion angle (P = 0.057). Conclusions The AP-COP position can predict the contribution of the knee extensor moment and improve the prediction when combined with ankle dorsiflexion and trunk flexion. The present findings suggest that intervention focusing on the AP-COP position in combination with ankle dorsiflexion or trunk flexion would be useful to coordinate the contribution of the knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting.

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“…Analyzing its kinematics can help participants understand the correct form and improve their performance. Researchers analyzed the squatting motion to gain insights into different aspects of the movement and its performance (Almosnino et al, 2013;Crowe et al, 2019;Demers et al, 2018;Esformes & Bampouras, 2013;Kim et al, 2015;Lorenzetti et al, 2018;McKean & Burkett, 2012;Moore et al, 2016;Sato & Heise, 2012;Severin et al, 2017;Sorensen et al, 2001). Also, because of its exercise efficiency, squats are often added to core exercise routines to improve lower extremity muscular endurance, strength, and overall conditioning (Escamilla et al, 2000;Escamilla et al, 2001;Schoenfeld, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics comparison of squat (2D vs 3D analysis) for remote learning – pilot study

Huang

Bagesteiro

2022

Jkinwellness

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Bodyweight squats are a common exercise in athletic training and rehabilitation due to their biomechanical and neuromuscular similarities to fundamental movements in a variety of sports and their requirements of coordination of major joints and numerous muscle groups (Schoenfeld, 2010). They are essential for kinesiology students, whose future careers often include athletic training and rehabilitation, to learn how to analyze the kinematics of a squat. While 3D movement analysis is considered the gold standard for motion capture (Chung & Ng, 2012), 2D digital video analysis is more commonly chosen in education environments to provide hands-on experience. However, few studies have investigated the differences between 2D and 3D analysis of squats (Escamilla et al., 2001; Krause et al., 2015; Schmitz et al., 2015). Therefore, the current study aims to compare 2D and 3D measurements of narrow-stance squats while enhancing learning by engaging students with hands-on experience using free, open-source software. Fifteen healthy adults (nine females, six males, 26.93 ± 9.04 years old) participated in this study. Following proper COVID safety guidelines, 2D analyses were performed by undergraduate students at home while 3D analyses were performed using a motion capture system in the laboratory. Lower extremity joint angles and displacements were calculated using 2D and 3D methods. Statistical significances were found when comparing the differences between both measurements except for hip flexion. Nonetheless, the resulting angular and linear measurements from both 2D and 3D analyses aligned with previous research, suggesting that 2D digital video analysis is a viable option for educational purposes despite the significant differences.

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Restricted Unilateral Ankle Dorsiflexion Movement Increases Interlimb Vertical Force Asymmetries in Bilateral Bodyweight Squatting

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

The center of pressure position in combination with ankle dorsiflexion and trunk flexion is useful in predicting the contribution of the knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting

Kinematics comparison of squat (2D vs 3D analysis) for remote learning – pilot study

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