Restricted nasal respiration, influence on facial growth

Freng, Atle

doi:10.1016/0165-5876(79)90019-3

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Other scholars have also proposed that posterior rotation of the mandible and an increase in the mandibular angle exist in children with mouth breathing, consistent with our results [31,34] [35] [36]. In addition, Kim proposed that children with mouth breathing may also present maxillary shortening [34].There are also some reports of palatal stenosis in children with nasal obstruction [34,36,37]. Mattar proposed that combined with the indexes that were not included, we believed that the ascending ramus of the lower jaw was also underdeveloped in mouth breathing children [16].The upper anterior teeth showed a tendency for labial inclination.…”

Section: Summary Of the Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zhao

Zheng

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Mouth breathing is closely related to the facial skeletal development and malocclusion. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children.METHODS: An electronic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Sigle through February 23rd, 2020, was conducted. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years of age with maxillofacial deformities due to mouth breathing. The risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for controlled clinical trials. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for the quality assessment. The included indicators were SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SN-PP, PP-MP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1. NA, 1. NB, 1-NB, Overjet, Overbite, SPAS, PAS, and C3-H. Data concerning the mean difference in mesial molar movement and extent of canine retraction were extracted for statistical analysis. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed for continuous data. Review Manager 5.3, was used to synthesize various parameters associated with the impact of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion. RESULTS: Following full-text evaluations for eligibility, 10 studies were included in the final quantitative synthesis. In Sagittal direction, SNA (MD: -1.63, P <0.0001), SNB (MD: -1.96, P <0.0001) in mouth-breathing children was lower than that in nasal-breathing children. ANB (MD: 0.90, P <0.0001), 1. NA (MD: 1.96, P = 0.009), 1-NA (MD: 0.66, P = 0.004), and 1-NB (,MD: 1.03, P <0.0001) showed higher values in children with mouth breathing. In vertical direction, SN-PP (MD: 0.68, p=0.0050) ,SN-OP (MD: 3. 05, P <0.0001), PP-MP(MD: 4.92, P <0.0001)and SNGoGn (MD: 4.10, P < 0.0001) were higher in mouth-breathing individuals. In airway, SPAS (MD: -3.48, P = 0.0009), PAS (MD: -2.11, P < 0.0001), and C3-H (MD: -1.34, P < 0.0001) were lower in mouth breathing group.CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the mandible and maxilla rotated backward and downward, and the occlusal plane was steep. In addition, mouth breathing presented a tendency of labial inclination of the upper anterior teeth. Airway stenosis was common in mouth-breathing children.

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Section: Summary Of the Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zhao

Zheng

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other scholars have also proposed that posterior rotation of the mandible and an increase in the mandibular angle exist in children with mouth breathing, consistent with our results [30,33] [34] [35]. In addition, Kim proposed that children with mouth breathing may also present maxillary shortening [33].There are also some reports of palatal stenosis in children with nasal obstruction [33,35,36]. Mattar proposed that combined with the indexes that were not included, we believed that the ascending ramus of the lower jaw was also underdeveloped in mouth breathing children [16].The upper anterior teeth showed a tendency for labial inclination.…”

Section: Airwaysupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zhao¹,

Zheng²,

Huang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Mouth breathing is closely related to the facial skeletal development and malocclusion. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children. METHODS: An electronic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Sigle through February 23rd, 2020, was conducted. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years of age with maxillofacial deformities due to mouth breathing. Methodological quality assessments of the selected articles were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for controlled clinical trials. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for the quality assessment. The included indicators were SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1. NA, 1. NB, 1-NB, SPAS, PAS, and C3-H. Data concerning the mean difference in mesial molar movement and extent of canine retraction were extracted for statistical analysis. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed for continuous data. Review Manager 5.3, was used to synthesize various parameters associated with the impact of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion. RESULTS: Following full-text evaluations for eligibility, 6 studies were included in the final quantitative synthesis. In Sagittal direction, SNA (MD: -1.61, P <0.0001), SNB (MD: -1.99, P <0.0001), ANB (MD: 0.95, P = 0.0005),1-NA (MD: 0.72, P = 0.004), 1. NA (MD: 1.98, P = 0.020), 1-NB (MD: 1.06, P < 0.0001), In vertical direction, SN-OP (MD: 3.20, P < 0.0001), SNGoGn (MD: 4.34, P < 0.0001). In airway, SPAS (MD: -5.23, P < 0.0001), PAS (MD: -2.11, P < 0.0001), and C3-H (MD: -1.34, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the mandible and maxilla rotated backward and downward, and the occlusal plane was steep. In addition, mouth breathing presented a tendency of labial inclination of the upper anterior teeth. Airway stenosis was comm on in mouth-breathing children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: crd-register@york.ac.uk; registration number CRD42019129198

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“…Contrary to the conclusion of this study, Kim proposed that children with mouth breathing may also present maxillary shortening [29]. In addition, there are some reports of palatal stenosis in children with nasal obstruction [29,31,32]. The upper and lower anterior teeth all showed a tendency for lip inclination.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zhao

Zheng

Huang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Mouth breathing is closely related to the facial skeletal development and malocclusion. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children. METHODS: An electronic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Sigle through February 23rd, 2020, was conducted. Methodological quality assessments of the selected articles were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Review Manager 5.3, was used to synthesize various parameters associated with the impact of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion. RESULTS: Following full-text evaluations for eligibility, 7 studies (387 mouth-breathing subjects and 433 nasal-breathing controls) were included in the final quantitative synthesis; they were all high-quality. The included indicators were SNA (p>0.050), ANS-PNS (p>0.050), 1.NB (p>0.050), MP-H (p>0.050), FMA (p>0.050), SNB (MD: -1.99, P <0.0001), ANB (MD: 0.95, P = 0.0005), SN-OP (MD: 3.20, P < 0.0001), SNGoGn (MD: 4.34, P < 0.0001), 1-NA (MD: 0.72, P = 0.004), 1. NA (MD: 1.98, P = 0.020), 1-NB (MD: 1.06, P < 0.0001), SPAS (MD: -5.23, P < 0.0001), PAS (MD: -2.11, P < 0.0001), and C3-H (MD: -1.34, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that mouth breathing can cause underdevelopment of the mandible. The mandible rotated backward and downward, and the occlusal plane was steep. However, there was little effect on the maxilla. In addition, mouth breathing presented a tendency of lip inclination of the upper and lower anterior teeth. Airway stenosis was common in mouth-breathing children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: crd-register@york.ac.uk; registration number CRD42019129198 KEYWORDS: Mouth breathing; Facial skeletal development; Children; Systematic review, Meta-analysis.

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Restricted nasal respiration, influence on facial growth

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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