Restricted maternal nutrition alters myogenic regulatory factor expression in satellite cells of ovine offspring

Abstract

Poor maternal nutrition inhibits muscle development and postnatal muscle growth. Satellite cells are myogenic precursor cells that contribute to postnatal muscle growth, and their activity can be evaluated by the expression of several transcription factors. Pairedbox (Pax)7 is expressed in quiescent and active satellite cells. MyoD is expressed in activated and proliferating satellite cells and myogenin is expressed in terminally differentiating cells. Disruption in the expression pattern or timing of expression of myogenic regulatory factors negatively affects muscle development and growth. We hypothesized that poor maternal nutrition during gestation would alter the in vitro temporal expression of MyoD and myogenin in satellite cells from offspring at birth and 3 months of age. Ewes were fed 100% or 60% of NRC requirements from day 31 ± 1.3 of gestation. Lambs from control-fed (CON) or restricted-fed (RES) ewes were euthanized within 24 h of birth (birth; n = 5) or were fed a control diet until 3 months of age ( n = 5). Satellite cells isolated from the semitendinosus muscle were used for gene expression analysis or cultured for 24, 48 or 72 h and immunostained for Pax7, MyoD or myogenin. Fusion index was calculated from a subset of cells allowed to differentiate. Compared with CON, temporal expression of MyoD and myogenin was altered in cultured satellite cells isolated from RES lambs at birth. The percent of cells expressing MyoD was greater in RES than CON ( P = 0.03) after 24 h in culture. After 48 h of culture, there was a greater percent of cells expressing myogenin in RES compared with CON ( P < 0.001). After 72 h of culture the percent of satellite cells expressing myogenin in RES was less than CON ( P < 0.01). There were no differences in the gene expression of Pax7, Myf5 or MyoD in isolated satellite cells at birth ( P > 0.05). In satellite cells from RES lambs at 3 months of age, the percent of cells expressing MyoD and myogenin were greater than CON after 72 h in culture ( P < 0.05). Fusion index was reduced in RES lambs at 3 months of age compared with CON ( P < 0.001). Restricted nutrition during gestation alters the temporal expression of myogenic regulatory factors in satellite cells of the offspring, which may reduce the pool of myoblasts, decrease myoblast fusion and contribute to the poor postnatal muscle growth previously observed in these animals.

Effects of Poor Maternal Nutrition during Gestation on Bone Development and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Activity in Offspring

“…Consistent with the nutrient priority during development, we and others have observed impaired muscle and fat development during the early postnatal period of poorly fed mothers [6,9,13,35,37]. Additionally, restricted feeding during gestation impaired satellite cell function and altered mRNA expression in muscle of offspring [12]. These findings are consistent with the nutrient priority to bone and organs during early development compared with muscle and adipose.…”

“…Thirty-six multiparous ewes from the University of Connecticut sheep flock (25 Dorsets, 7 Shropshires, and 4 Southdowns) were estrus synchronized [17] with progesterone controlled intravaginal drug release devices (Pfizer Animal Health; New York, NY, USA) and Lutaylase (Pfizer Animal Health). These estrus synchronized ewes were bred by live cover to one ram of like breed (3 Dorsets rams, 1 Southdown ram, and 1 Shropshire ram) as previously described [6,12,13]. Date of breeding was considered the day that the ewes were marked by the ram.…”

“…Poor maternal nutrition can result from excess or reduced nutrient intake including energy, protein, and micronutrients in the diet. Poor maternal nutrition during gestation is known to reduce fetal growth [2–4], impair muscle development [5,6], reduce bone density [1,7], increase fat accretion [5,8,9], alter metabolism [2,3,10], and impair stem cell function [11,12] in the offspring.…”

Supplementation of grazing beef cows during gestation as a strategy to improve skeletal muscle development of the offspring

“…that proliferation capacity of skeletal muscle satellite cells in lambs' offspring is affected by maternal nutrition during gestation (Raja et al, 2016). Collectively, our results suggest that maternal supplementation during mid-gestation leads not only to an increased number of myofibres but also stimulate the proliferation capacity of satellite cells by increasing FGF2 expression, which may contribute to an increase in skeletal muscle deposition later in life.…”

Dietary intake of broiler breeder hens during the laying period affects amino acid and fatty acid profiles in eggs

“…Previous reports have indicated that the changes in egg nutrition affect the embryonic development and health (Bhattacharyya et al, 2018;Kermanshahi et al, 2017). Other researchers have shown that restricting maternal nutrition affects the development of embryos (Prezotto et al, 2016;Raja et al, 2016). In addition, Bhanja et al (2015) reported that silver nanoparticles and amino acid complexes can act as potential agents to enhance innate and adaptive immunity in chickens.…”