Restraint Stress Reduces the Antitumor Efficacy of Cyclophosphamide in Tumor-Bearing Mice

Zorzet, Sonia; Perissin, L.; Rapozzi, Valentina; Giraldi, Tullio

doi:10.1006/brbi.1997.0504

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Injection of 250 mg/kg CTX to DBA/2 mice decreased the counts of T and B cells in the bone marrow and spleen [20]. A single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg CTX in normal C57BL/6 mice reduced numbers of splenic CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T lymphocytes but did not alter the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio [21]. Intraperitoneal injection of CTX (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes of Balb/c mice on days 3 and 5, but did not decrease their percentage [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide on white blood cells and lymphocyte subpopulations from peripheral blood of Balb/c mice

Huyan

Gao

et al. 2011

International Immunopharmacology

115

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There has been lack of the uniform standard for establishment of animal immunodepressive models induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX), and the information about the immunosuppressive effect of CTX on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in rodents. Here we describe a CTX-induced mouse model and try to establish a feasible immunosuppressive model for studying the fungal pathogenicity. Balb/c mice received two intraperitoneal injections of different CTX doses (50-200 mg/kg) at 2-day intervals. Peripheral whole blood collected at different time-points before and after CTX injection was used to detect white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes and their subsets by automated hematology analyzer and flow cytometry, respectively. WBCs and lymphocytes in all groups except CTX50 (50 mg/kg CTX) group commenced to decrease in a dose-dependent manner on day 1, reached the nadir on day 4, rebounded on day 10, and declined again on day 17 after CTX treatment. Low dose (50 mg/kg) CTX produced no obvious change of percentage of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and CD19(+) cells, but high doses (100 or 150 mg/kg) yielded a significant decrease of CD3(+) and CD4(+) cells on day 4 and CD19(+) cells on day 10, and increase of CD8(+) cells on day 4. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio decreased on day 4, followed by a rebound thereafter when treated with 3 different doses of CTX. The results indicate that two intraperitoneal injections of CTX at 150 mg/kg at 2-day intervals may establish good immunosuppressive models of Balb/c mice for studying the fungal pathogenicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide on white blood cells and lymphocyte subpopulations from peripheral blood of Balb/c mice

Huyan

Gao

et al. 2011

International Immunopharmacology

115

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“…Cyclophosphamide is a common cytotoxic antitumor drug [29]. It can't only kill cells of mitotic division and cells in cycle time, which displays violent immunosuppression activity, but also kill hematopoietic stem cells and interfere in DNA formation in them, which leads to dysfunction in the course of stem cells' turning into blood cells in bone marrow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and antitumor activity of pollen polysaccharide

Yang

Guo

Zhang³

et al. 2007

International Immunopharmacology

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“…Changes in the chemical milieu from cyclophosphamide administration could contribute to the side-effects associated with cyclophosphamide treatment (such as fatigue, nausea, headaches, or taste aversion). In addition, non-cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide could contribute to the physiological mechanisms underlying reports that behavioral conditioning, psychological stress, and environmental (e.g., seasonal) factors influence the ability of cyclophosphamide to inhibit tumor growth and suppress rejection of tissue allografts (Gorczynski, 1990;Perissin et al, 1991;Giraldi et al, 1994;Perissin et al, 1996;Zorzet et al, 1998Zorzet et al, , 2002. Indeed, in recent studies, cyclophosphamide has been shown interact with anti-angiogenic drugs to reduce tumor metastasis (Mauceri et al, 2002) and to improve the efficacy of cytochrome P-450 based gene therapy (Jounaidi and Waxman, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%