Restraint and attributions: Evidence of the abstinence violation effect in alcohol consumption

Collins, Rebecca L.; Lapp, William M.

doi:10.1007/bf01172943

Cited by 57 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The results obtained in this study confirm those reported by several studies referring to attributions (Collins & Lapp, 1991;Grove, 1993;Schmitz, Rosenfarb & Payne, 1993;Stephens et al, 1994;Walton, Castro & Barrington, 1994), to locus of control (Koski-Jannes, 1994;Mariano et al, 1989;Strom & Barone, 1993), and self-efficacy expectancies (Annis & Davis, 1988;Burling et al, 1989;Connors, Maisto & Zywiak, 1996;DiClemente, Fairhurst & Piotrowski, 1995;Goldbeck, Myatt & Aitchison, 1997;Long, et al, 1998;Ross et al, 1989;Rounds et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Vielva

Iraurgi

2003

HAAJ

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SThe aim of the study is to determine which factors are associated with abstinence in alcoholics. Observational and cross-sectional studies were carried out to study the relationships between causal attributions, selfefficacy and locus of control expectancies, and coping behavior in the problem of alcohol abuse, on the one hand, and abstinence, on the other. Chronicity and background variables are also analyzed. Participants w e re 201 alcoholics in outpatient treatment. Correlation analysis revealed close relationship among the psychological variables, as well as between these variables and abstinence: longer periods of abstinence were associated with more positive causal attributions, higher self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and more active coping behavior. A hierarchical regression analysis was also performed, showing that certain attributions, self-efficacy, and locus of control accounted for abstinence, but coping did not. Background did not reveal any association, but attending treatment and self-help groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, did. Because of their relationship, it is suggested that cognitive variables should be enhanced in treatment.Key-words: Attributions, Self-efficacy, Locus of control, Coping, Abstinence, Alcoholism.Note: In memoriam to Isabel Vielva, the first author. Today is not with us, but her work and friendship will last always. Salud y drogas • Vol.2 • Nº 1 • 2002 29 RESUMENEl objetivo del estudio es encontrar factores asociados a la abstinencia. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio observacional, transversal en el que se analiza la relación entre las atribuciones causales, las expectativas de autoeficacia y de lugar de control y la conducta de afrontamiento ante el problema de alcoholismo, por un lado, y la abstinencia, por otro, en una muestra de 201 alcohólicos en tratamiento ambulatorio. Se analizan también variables sociodemográficas y de cronicidad. Los análisis de correlación revelan una relación estrecha entre las variables psicológicas entre si y con la abstinencia: cuanto mayor es el tiempo de abstinencia, más positivas son las atribuciones causales, mayor es la autoeficacia, mayor es el lugar de control interno y más activo es el afrontamiento. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión múltiple, que mostró que algunas atribuciones, la autoeficacia y el lugar de control explicaban por si solas la abstinencia, no así el afrontamiento. Las variables sociodemográficas no resultaron tener una asociación significativa, pero sí la asistencia al tratamiento y a grupos de autoayuda. Debido a las implicaciones que tienen estas variables en el curso y pronóstico de la dependencia, se sugiere que se tengan en cuenta las variables cognitivas en el tratamiento del alcoholismo.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Vielva

Iraurgi

2003

HAAJ

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“…"every gain on the wrong side undoes the effect of many conquests on the right; Bain 1886: 440) and may be analogous to the "abstinence violation effect" (Marlatt and Gordon, 1980), in which any perceived slip in an area of self-control has a high likelihood of resulting in a binge of failed self-restraint. This effect has been documented in such disparate areas as drinking among alcoholics in treatment (Collins and Lapp, 1991), smoking among individuals attempting to quit (Shiffman et al, 1997, Spanier et al, 1996, eating among dieters (Grilo andShiffman, 1994, Johnson et al, 1995), and fantasies among pedophiles (Hudson et al, 1992, Ward et al, 1994.…”

Section: Forming Bundles By the Perception Of Precedent-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The behavioral economics of will in recovery from addiction

Monterosso

Ainslie

2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

101

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Behavioral economic studies demonstrate that rewards are discounted proportionally with their delay (hyperbolic discounting). Hyperbolic discounting implies temporary preference for smaller rewards when they are imminent, and this concept has been widely considered by researchers interested in the causes of addictive behavior. Far less consideration has been given to the fact that systematic preference reversal also predicts various self-control phenomena, which may also be analyzed from a behavioral economic perspective.Here we summarize self-control phenomena predicted by hyperbolic discounting, particularly with application to the field of addiction. Of greatest interest is the phenomenon of choice bundling, an increase in motivation to wait for delayed rewards that can be expected to result from making choices in whole categories. Specifically, when a person's expectations about her own future behavior are conditional upon her current behavior, the value of these expectations is added to the contingencies for the current behavior, resulting in reduced impulsivity. Hyperbolic discounting provides a bottomup basis for the intuitive learning of choice bundling, the properties of which match common descriptions of willpower. We suggest that the bundling effect can also be discerned in the advice of 12-step programs.Recovery from addiction is a distinctly human phenomenon (Logan, 1993), can be extraordinarily abrupt without any obvious changes in contingencies (Premack, 1970, Miller andC'de Baca, 2001), and is commonly described in spiritual terms (Bien and Bien, 2002). Thus it may seem that although behavioral economic and other reductionist approaches are productively applied to the onset of addiction, they are not applicable to studying recovery from addiction (for example, see Miller's 2003 discussion of his skepticism). Here we want to make the case that behavioral economics sheds new light on recovery from addiction.Address correspondence to either: John Monterosso, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza; Rm C8-532, Los Angeles, CA 90024, Phone: (310) 794-1736, email: jmont@ucla.edu, George Ainslie, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, Coatesville VA Medical Center, Coatesville, PA 19320, Phone (610) 384-7711, Email: george.ainslie@va.gov. With reference to formulas 1 and 2, consider the following example. If Rate is .5 and Amount is 10 the exponential value at Delays =1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 will be 5, 2.5, 1.25, .625, .3125, .15625; the hyperbolic value at those Delays will be 5, 3.33, 2.5, 2., 1.67, 1.43. If a subject repeatedly is presented with an alternative reward of 4, two units of Delay before each 10 is due, the 4 will win under both formulae: 4 vs. 2.5 for exponential, 4 vs. 3.33 for hyperbolic. But if these options occur three times, two units apart, and must be chosen as a category all at once, exponential → [2.5 + .

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“…I will only make one general criticism concerning Marlatt's version of the AVE at this time and will address this issue more fully in the next chapter. As described above, the AVE is a cognitive/ affective reaction to an initial violation of an abstinence rule forbidding or restricting a particular behaviour (George & Marlatt 1989;Marlatt, 1985aMarlatt, , 1985b There is some evidence to suggest that the A VE is not a stable phenomenon (Collins & Lapp, 1991; with Marlatt (1985b) …”

Section: Marlatt Terms the Problem Of Immediate Gratification (Pig)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an important study Collins and Lapp (1991) Finally, Schoeneman, Hollis, Stevens, Fischer, and Cheek (1988) compared smokers who had relapsed after a period of abstinence with those who had lapsed but returned to abstinence. In a retrospective study they telephoned subjects one to two years after they had completed a smoking cessation programme and assessed their attributions, emotions and expectations following their first lapse.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%