Restrained eaters act on impulse

Nederkoorn, Chantal; Eijs, Yvonne Van; Jansen, Anita

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.020

Cited by 107 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The finding that inhibition deficits were present in PG, AD and TS is in keeping with an abundance of experimental studies indicating that inhibition deficits are present in other disorders of behavioural disinhibition, e.g. ADHD [81], psychopathic and antisocial conditions [82,83], alcohol dependence, [84], cocaine dependence [85] and bulimic eating disorder [86]. As discussed in the Introduction, the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for PG resemble both substance dependence criteria as well as impulse control disorder criteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Neurocognitive functions in pathological gambling: a comparison with alcohol dependence, Tourette syndrome and normal controls

et al. 2006

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Aims Neurocognitive functions in pathological gambling have relevance for the aetiology and treatment of this disorder, yet are poorly understood. This study therefore investigated neurocognitive impairments of executive functions in a group of carefully screened Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV-TR) pathological gamblers. Performance was compared to a group of normal control participants. To study the specificity of these neurocognitive deficits, a substance dependence group (alcohol dependence) and an impulse control disorder group (Tourette syndrome) were included. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Addiction and general mental health treatment centres. Participants Forty-nine pathological gamblers, 48 abstinent alcohol-dependent patients, 46 participants with Tourette syndrome and 49 normal control participants. Measurements A comprehensive neuropsychological battery measuring executive functions as well as basic cognitive functions. Findings Both the pathological gambling and the alcohol dependent groups were characterized by diminished performance on inhibition, time estimation, cognitive flexibility and planning tasks. The Tourette syndrome group showed deficits only on inhibition tasks. Basic cognitive functions were intact in all clinical groups. Comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder and nicotine dependence influenced the impaired functions of the clinical groups only minimally. Conclusions Carefully screened groups of pathological gamblers and alcohol dependents were characterized by diminished executive functioning, suggesting a dysfunction of frontal lobe circuitry in these disorders. The resemblance between the pathological gambling group and the alcohol dependence group suggests a common neurocognitive aetiology for these disorders. Psychosocial treatment of these disorders could benefit from assessing and targeting deficits in executive functions, as they probably influence the course of these disorders negatively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Neurocognitive functions in pathological gambling: a comparison with alcohol dependence, Tourette syndrome and normal controls

et al. 2006

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“…Some have linked higher dietary restraint to poorer self-control, 105 higher impulsivity, 106,107 and binge drinking; 108 suggesting that restrained eaters may exhibit a generalized lack of selfregulation. However, as these studies did not measure or control for dietary disinhibition, they are likely to suffer from the confounding of restraint and disinhibition described earlier, and may simply show that many people who try to exercise dietary restraint are those for whom self-regulation in the food domain has proved problematic in the past.…”

Section: Links Between Restraint and General Self-regulatory Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary restraint and self-regulation in eating behavior

2011

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Self-control is generally viewed as highly desirable. In the eating behavior domain, however, the dominance of restraint theory has made the proposition that individuals should attempt to control their eating more controversial. This review discusses evidence from the dietary restraint literature and from studies of self-regulation processes to examine how far self-imposed control around food can be seen as beneficial for effective weight management. Epidemiological and field study evidence provides little support for the proposition that restrained eating causes disinhibited eating patterns. Restraint is often initiated as a response to weight gain, and the co-occurrence of disinhibited and restrained eating patterns on an individual level might better be explained by restraint acting as a marker for overeating tendencies. A sustained effort to monitor and control food intake characterizes successful long-term weight maintenance, suggesting that self-regulation in the eating domain is essential for those with a tendency to gain weight. Evidence from the literature on cognitive self-regulation suggests that there may be potential for people to learn to self-regulate better, both through training and controlled exposure techniques. Integration of the disparate theories of self-regulation is needed to identify the best ways of promoting self-regulation in order to support effective weight control, both in clinical and community settings.

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“…The idea is that as an addiction develops liking becomes less important, whereas wanting becomes the most important factor in the maintenance of continued substance use/abuse. Germane to this suggestion, obese children and restrained eaters have been found to be more impulsive than lean controls (e.g., Nederkoorn, Van Eijs, & Jansen, 2004). Perhaps the greater liking of food as a child, together with being relatively impulsive (which in turn may require more effort to restrain oneself from eating), may initially lead to overeating and obesity.…”

Section: Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit attitudes and psychopathology

Huijding¹

2006

NEJP

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The past 15 years have witnessed an ever-growing interest in the role of implicit attitudes in mental and health-related problems and disorders. The purpose of the present paper is to provide an introduction to this research area. More specifically, the following issues will be addressed: 1) Why do researchers consider implicit attitudes to be of interest? 2) In what way have researchers in the field of experimental psychopathology studied implicit attitudes? and 3) What has this research yielded so far? Rather than providing an exhaustive review, this last question is addressed by discussing some illustrative studies for several types of psychopathology. It is concluded that this is a promising field of research, but that a number of important questions remain unanswered. The paper is concluded with a short discussion of possible directions for future research. (Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 62,(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)

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Restrained eaters act on impulse

Cited by 107 publications

References 28 publications

Neurocognitive functions in pathological gambling: a comparison with alcohol dependence, Tourette syndrome and normal controls

Neurocognitive functions in pathological gambling: a comparison with alcohol dependence, Tourette syndrome and normal controls

Dietary restraint and self-regulation in eating behavior

Implicit attitudes and psychopathology

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